Pulmonary Drug Classes Flashcards
Drug Class
1
Q
Epinephrine
A
Adrenergic agonist
2
Q
Ephedrine
A
Mixed function agonist
3
Q
Isoproterenol
A
Non-selective beta agonist
4
Q
Albuterol
A
beta2 agonist
5
Q
Terbutaline
A
beta2 agonist
6
Q
Salmeterol (used with steroids)
A
beta2 agonist - long acting
7
Q
Formoterol (used with steroids)
A
beta2 agonist - long acting
8
Q
Atropine
A
Muscarinic antagonist
9
Q
Ipratropium
A
Muscarinic antagonist
10
Q
Tiotropium
A
Muscarinic antagonist - long acting
11
Q
Aminophylline
A
Bronchodilator via PDE inhibition & strengthener of diaphragmatic muscles via adenosine action
12
Q
Theophylline
A
Bronchodilator via PDE inhibition & strengthener of diaphragmatic muscles via adenosine action
13
Q
Cromolyn sodium
A
Mast cell stabilizer
14
Q
Budesonide
A
Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory
15
Q
Fluticasone
A
Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory
16
Q
Fluticasone/Salmeterol
A
Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory
17
Q
Budesonide/formoterol
A
Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory
18
Q
Mometasone
A
Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory
19
Q
Beclomethasone
A
Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory
20
Q
Ciclosonide
A
Pro-drug of des-ciclesonide taken by oral inhalation
21
Q
Prednisone (oral)
A
Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory
22
Q
Prednisolone,
A
Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory
23
Q
Methyprednisolone
A
Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory
24
Q
Dexamethasone (oral or I.V.)
A
Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory
25
Monteleukast
Leukotriene receptor antagonist
26
Zafirlukast
Leukotriene receptor antagonist
27
Zileuton
Leukotriene synthesis inhibitor
28
Omalizumab
Monoclonal antibody directed against IgE
29
Dextromethorphan
Non-narcotic cough suppressant
30
Diphenhydramine
H1 receptor antagonist in cough center
31
Codeine
Opioid agonist acting in cough center
32
Pseudoephedrine
Alpha-1 adrenergic agonist
33
Phenylephrine
Alpha-1 adrenergic agonist
34
Oxymetazoline
Alpha-1 adrenergic agonist
35
Guaifenesin
Expectorant
36
Acetyl cysteine
Free sulfhydryl group open mucus disulfide bonds and lowers viscosity
37
Dornase
Breaks the long extracellular DNA molecules of bronchial secretions into smaller fragments
38
Diphenhydramine
Highly sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)
39
Dimenhydrinate
Highly sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)
40
Clemastine
Highly sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)
41
Chlorpheniramine
H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)
42
Brompheniramine
H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)
43
Promethazine
Highly sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)
44
Cyclizine
H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)
45
Meclizine
H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)
46
Hydrxoxyzine
H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)
47
Fexofenadine
Non-sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)
48
Loratadine
Non-sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)
49
Desloratadine
Non-sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)
50
Acrivastine
Non-sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)
51
Cetirizine
Non-sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)
52
Olopatadine
Non-sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)
53
Levocabastine
Non-sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)
54
Azelastine
Non-sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)
55
Isoniazid
Inhibitor of mycolic acid synthesis and disruptor of cell wall in susceptible organisms
56
Rifampin
Inhibitor of beta subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
57
Pyrazinamide
Cidal or static via unknown mechanism
58
Ethambutol
Impairs cell metabolism and cell multiplication
59
Cycloserine
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
60
Ethionamide
Peptide synthesis inhibitor?
61
Capreomycin
MOA not well understood
62
Azithromycin
50s ribosomal inhibitor blocking translocation
63
Cefazolin
PCB binder inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis
64
Cefuroxime
PCB binder inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis
65
Ceftriaxone
PCB binder inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis
66
Ceftazidime
PCB binder inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis
67
Cefepime
PCB binder inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis
68
Ciprofloxacin
DNA gyrase inhibitor preventing DNA replication
69
Doxycycline
30s ribosomal inhibitor blocking protein synthesis
70
Erythromycin
50s ribosomal inhibitor blocking translocation
71
Gentamicin
30s ribosomal inhibitor
72
Levofloxacin
DNA gyrase inhibitor preventing DNA replication
73
Meropenem
Block cell wall cross-linking
74
Aztreonam
PCB binder inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis
75
Piperacillin/tazobactam
Broad spectrum pencillin + beta-lactamase inhibitor; inhibits both cell wall and septum synthesis
76
Vancomycin
Inhibits peptidoglycan polymerase & transpeptidase reactions
77
Clindamycin
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by attaching to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome
78
Ampicillin/tazobactam
Broad spectrum + beta-lactamse inhibitor; inhibits the biosynthesis of cell wall mucopeptide
79
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
Broad spectrum + beta-lactamse inhibitor; inhibits the biosynthesis of cell wall mucopeptide
80
Ciprofloxacin
DNA gyrase inhibitor preventing DNA replication
81
Clarithromycin
Binds 50s ribosomal subunit; inhibits bacterial RNA-dependent protein synthesis
82
Acyclovir
Inhibition of viral DNA synthesis (DNA polymerase inhibition)
83
Amantadine
Inhibition of viral entry or uncoating
84
Cidofovir
Inhibition of viral DNA synthesis (DNA polymerase inhibition)
85
Oseltamivir
Inhibition of release of influenza virus from infected cell
86
Ribavirin
Inhibition of viral nucleic acid synthesis
87
Rimantadine
Inhibition of viral entry or uncoating
88
Valacyclovir
Pro-drug for acyclovir
89
Zanamivir
Inhibition of release of influenza virus from infected cell
90
Amphotericin B
binding to sterols in fungus cell membrane, changing membrane permeability & allowing leakage of intracellular components
91
Flucytosine
Converted to 5-FU then to 5-fluorodeoxyuridylic acid monophosphate, a noncompetitive inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase which interferes with DNA synthesis & interrupting nucleic acid and protein synthesis
92
Fluconazole
Inhibition (P450) of ergosterol synthesis, thus blocking cell membrane synthesis
93
Itraconazole
Inhibition (P450) of ergosterol synthesis, thus blocking cell membrane synthesis
94
Posaconazole
Inhibition (P450) of ergosterol synthesis, thus blocking cell membrane synthesis
95
Voriconazole
Inhibition (P450) of ergosterol synthesis, thus blocking cell membrane synthesis
96
Poractant alfa [Curosurf]
Surfactant-reduces alveolar surface tension
97
Calfactant [Infasurf]
Surfactant-reduces alveolar surface tension
98
Beractant [Survanta]
Surfactant-reduces alveolar surface tension
99
Methotrexate [Trexall]
DHFR & adenosine-mediated immunosuppression
100
Rituximab [Rituxan]
Binds CD20; depletes B cells; decreases inflammation
101
Azathioprine [Imuran]
DNA and RNA synthesis inhibitor that also produces immunosuppression, possibly by facilitating apoptosis of T cell populations
102
Cyclophosphamide [Cytoxan]
alkylating agent that also produces (B & T cell) lymphopenia, selective suppression of B-lymphocyte activity and decreased immunoglobulin secretion
103
Corticosteroids
Nuclear transcription inhibitors; powerful anti-inflammatory action
104
Epoprostenol [Flolan]
Prostacyclin derivatives producing vasodilatation and reducing inflammation
105
Iloprost [Ventavis]
Prostacyclin derivatives producing vasodilatation and reducing inflammation
106
Treprostinil [Remodulin]
Prostacyclin derivatives producing vasodilatation and reducing inflammation
107
Bosentan [Tracleer]
Blocks pulmonary artery vasoconstriction and cell proliferation
108
Ambrisentan [Letairis]
Blocks pulmonary artery vasoconstriction and cell proliferation
109
Sildenafil [Revatio]
Sustains endogenously generated cGMP leading
to vasodilation and reduce cellular proliferation
110
Tadalafil [Adcirca]
Sustains endogenously generated cGMP leading
to vasodilation and reduce cellular proliferation
111
Diltiazem [Cardizem]
Blockade of calcium entry into smooth muscle leads to vasodilatation
112
Nifedipine [Adalat]
Blockade of calcium entry into smooth muscle leads to vasodilatation
113
Amlodipine [Norvasc]
Blockade of calcium entry into smooth muscle leads to vasodilatation
114
Ivacaftor [Kalydeco]
Improves chloride transport through the mutated channels
115
Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor [Orkambi]
Protein conformation stabilizer/chloride transport enhancer
116
Cisplatin
Forms DNA intrastrand crosslinks and adducts
117
Docetaxel
Microtubule stabilizer inhibiting depolymerization
118
Gemcitabine
DNA polymerase inhibitor via incorporation of triphosphate form during DNA synthesis
119
Paclitaxel
Microtubule stabilizer inhibiting depolymerization
120
Pemetrexed
DHFR inhibitor
121
Vinorelbine
Microtubule inhibitor; tubules disintegrate into spiral aggregates / protofilaments
122
Irinotecan
DNA-topo I complex stabilizer
123
Doxorubicin
Intercalator, free radical generator, topo II inhibitor
124
Etoposide, VP-16
DNA-topo II complex stabilizer
125
Methotrexate
DHFR inhibitor
126
Topotecan
DNA-topo I complex stabilizer
127
Cisplatin
Forms DNA intrastrand crosslinks and adducts
128
Carboplatin
Forms DNA intrastrand crosslinks and adducts
129
Ifosfamide
Intra- and inter-strand cross linker
130
Irinotecan
DNA-topo I complex stabilizer
131
Cyclophosphamide
Pro-drug of active alkylating moiety
132
Vincristine
Microtubule inhibitor; tubules disintegrate into spiral aggregates / protofilaments
133
Afatinib [Gilotrif]
EGFR TKI
134
Bevacizumab [Avastin]
Circulating VEGF inhibitor
135
Ceritinib [Zykadia]
ALK TKI
136
Crizotinib [Xalkori]
ALK TKI
137
Erlotinib [Tarceva]
EGFR TKI
138
Gefitinib
EGFR TKI
139
Nivolumab [Opdivo]
Checkpoint (PD1) inhibitor
140
Bupropion [Wellbutrin]
Unclear but probably NE/DA mechanism
141
Nicotine
Central nicotinic receptor agonist
142
Varenicline [Chantix]
alpha-4-beta-2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist/partial agonist
143
Clonidine [Catapres]
Blocks cravings, anxiety, restlessness, tension and hunger during attempts to quit
144
Mecamylamine [Inversine]
Central nicotinic receptor antagonist
145
Naltrexone [ReVia]
Opiate receptor antagonist
