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Pulm > Pulmonary Drug Classes > Flashcards

Pulmonary Drug Classes Flashcards

Drug Class

1
Q

Epinephrine

A

Adrenergic agonist

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2
Q

Ephedrine

A

Mixed function agonist

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3
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Non-selective beta agonist

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4
Q

Albuterol

A

beta2 agonist

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5
Q

Terbutaline

A

beta2 agonist

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6
Q

Salmeterol (used with steroids)

A

beta2 agonist - long acting

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7
Q

Formoterol (used with steroids)

A

beta2 agonist - long acting

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8
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic antagonist

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9
Q

Ipratropium

A

Muscarinic antagonist

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10
Q

Tiotropium

A

Muscarinic antagonist - long acting

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11
Q

Aminophylline

A

Bronchodilator via PDE inhibition & strengthener of diaphragmatic muscles via adenosine action

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12
Q

Theophylline

A

Bronchodilator via PDE inhibition & strengthener of diaphragmatic muscles via adenosine action

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13
Q

Cromolyn sodium

A

Mast cell stabilizer

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14
Q

Budesonide

A

Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory

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15
Q

Fluticasone

A

Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory

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16
Q

Fluticasone/Salmeterol

A

Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory

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17
Q

Budesonide/formoterol

A

Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory

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18
Q

Mometasone

A

Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory

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19
Q

Beclomethasone

A

Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory

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20
Q

Ciclosonide

A

Pro-drug of des-ciclesonide taken by oral inhalation

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21
Q

Prednisone (oral)

A

Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory

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22
Q

Prednisolone,

A

Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory

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23
Q

Methyprednisolone

A

Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory

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24
Q

Dexamethasone (oral or I.V.)

A

Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory

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25
Q

Monteleukast

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

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26
Q

Zafirlukast

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

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27
Q

Zileuton

A

Leukotriene synthesis inhibitor

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28
Q

Omalizumab

A

Monoclonal antibody directed against IgE

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29
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

Non-narcotic cough suppressant

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30
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

H1 receptor antagonist in cough center

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31
Q

Codeine

A

Opioid agonist acting in cough center

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32
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A

Alpha-1 adrenergic agonist

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33
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Alpha-1 adrenergic agonist

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34
Q

Oxymetazoline

A

Alpha-1 adrenergic agonist

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35
Q

Guaifenesin

A

Expectorant

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36
Q

Acetyl cysteine

A

Free sulfhydryl group open mucus disulfide bonds and lowers viscosity

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37
Q

Dornase

A

Breaks the long extracellular DNA molecules of bronchial secretions into smaller fragments

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38
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

Highly sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)

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39
Q

Dimenhydrinate

A

Highly sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)

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40
Q

Clemastine

A

Highly sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)

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41
Q

Chlorpheniramine

A

H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)

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42
Q

Brompheniramine

A

H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)

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43
Q

Promethazine

A

Highly sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)

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44
Q

Cyclizine

A

H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)

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45
Q

Meclizine

A

H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)

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46
Q

Hydrxoxyzine

A

H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)

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47
Q

Fexofenadine

A

Non-sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)

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48
Q

Loratadine

A

Non-sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)

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49
Q

Desloratadine

A

Non-sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)

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50
Q

Acrivastine

A

Non-sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)

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51
Q

Cetirizine

A

Non-sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)

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52
Q

Olopatadine

A

Non-sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)

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53
Q

Levocabastine

A

Non-sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)

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54
Q

Azelastine

A

Non-sedating H1 receptor antagonist (reverse agonist)

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55
Q

Isoniazid

A

Inhibitor of mycolic acid synthesis and disruptor of cell wall in susceptible organisms

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56
Q

Rifampin

A

Inhibitor of beta subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

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57
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

Cidal or static via unknown mechanism

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58
Q

Ethambutol

A

Impairs cell metabolism and cell multiplication

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59
Q

Cycloserine

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor

60
Q

Ethionamide

A

Peptide synthesis inhibitor?

61
Q

Capreomycin

A

MOA not well understood

62
Q

Azithromycin

A

50s ribosomal inhibitor blocking translocation

63
Q

Cefazolin

A

PCB binder inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis

64
Q

Cefuroxime

A

PCB binder inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis

65
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

PCB binder inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis

66
Q

Ceftazidime

A

PCB binder inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis

67
Q

Cefepime

A

PCB binder inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis

68
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

DNA gyrase inhibitor preventing DNA replication

69
Q

Doxycycline

A

30s ribosomal inhibitor blocking protein synthesis

70
Q

Erythromycin

A

50s ribosomal inhibitor blocking translocation

71
Q

Gentamicin

A

30s ribosomal inhibitor

72
Q

Levofloxacin

A

DNA gyrase inhibitor preventing DNA replication

73
Q

Meropenem

A

Block cell wall cross-linking

74
Q

Aztreonam

A

PCB binder inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis

75
Q

Piperacillin/tazobactam

A

Broad spectrum pencillin + beta-lactamase inhibitor; inhibits both cell wall and septum synthesis

76
Q

Vancomycin

A

Inhibits peptidoglycan polymerase & transpeptidase reactions

77
Q

Clindamycin

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by attaching to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome

78
Q

Ampicillin/tazobactam

A

Broad spectrum + beta-lactamse inhibitor; inhibits the biosynthesis of cell wall mucopeptide

79
Q

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid

A

Broad spectrum + beta-lactamse inhibitor; inhibits the biosynthesis of cell wall mucopeptide

80
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

DNA gyrase inhibitor preventing DNA replication

81
Q

Clarithromycin

A

Binds 50s ribosomal subunit; inhibits bacterial RNA-dependent protein synthesis

82
Q

Acyclovir

A

Inhibition of viral DNA synthesis (DNA polymerase inhibition)

83
Q

Amantadine

A

Inhibition of viral entry or uncoating

84
Q

Cidofovir

A

Inhibition of viral DNA synthesis (DNA polymerase inhibition)

85
Q

Oseltamivir

A

Inhibition of release of influenza virus from infected cell

86
Q

Ribavirin

A

Inhibition of viral nucleic acid synthesis

87
Q

Rimantadine

A

Inhibition of viral entry or uncoating

88
Q

Valacyclovir

A

Pro-drug for acyclovir

89
Q

Zanamivir

A

Inhibition of release of influenza virus from infected cell

90
Q

Amphotericin B

A

binding to sterols in fungus cell membrane, changing membrane permeability & allowing leakage of intracellular components

91
Q

Flucytosine

A

Converted to 5-FU then to 5-fluorodeoxyuridylic acid monophosphate, a noncompetitive inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase which interferes with DNA synthesis & interrupting nucleic acid and protein synthesis

92
Q

Fluconazole

A

Inhibition (P450) of ergosterol synthesis, thus blocking cell membrane synthesis

93
Q

Itraconazole

A

Inhibition (P450) of ergosterol synthesis, thus blocking cell membrane synthesis

94
Q

Posaconazole

A

Inhibition (P450) of ergosterol synthesis, thus blocking cell membrane synthesis

95
Q

Voriconazole

A

Inhibition (P450) of ergosterol synthesis, thus blocking cell membrane synthesis

96
Q

Poractant alfa [Curosurf]

A

Surfactant-reduces alveolar surface tension

97
Q

Calfactant [Infasurf]

A

Surfactant-reduces alveolar surface tension

98
Q

Beractant [Survanta]

A

Surfactant-reduces alveolar surface tension

99
Q

Methotrexate [Trexall]

A

DHFR & adenosine-mediated immunosuppression

100
Q

Rituximab [Rituxan]

A

Binds CD20; depletes B cells; decreases inflammation

101
Q

Azathioprine [Imuran]

A

DNA and RNA synthesis inhibitor that also produces immunosuppression, possibly by facilitating apoptosis of T cell populations

102
Q

Cyclophosphamide [Cytoxan]

A

alkylating agent that also produces (B & T cell) lymphopenia, selective suppression of B-lymphocyte activity and decreased immunoglobulin secretion

103
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Nuclear transcription inhibitors; powerful anti-inflammatory action

104
Q

Epoprostenol [Flolan]

A

Prostacyclin derivatives producing vasodilatation and reducing inflammation

105
Q

Iloprost [Ventavis]

A

Prostacyclin derivatives producing vasodilatation and reducing inflammation

106
Q

Treprostinil [Remodulin]

A

Prostacyclin derivatives producing vasodilatation and reducing inflammation

107
Q

Bosentan [Tracleer]

A

Blocks pulmonary artery vasoconstriction and cell proliferation

108
Q

Ambrisentan [Letairis]

A

Blocks pulmonary artery vasoconstriction and cell proliferation

109
Q

Sildenafil [Revatio]

A

Sustains endogenously generated cGMP leading
to vasodilation and reduce cellular proliferation

110
Q

Tadalafil [Adcirca]

A

Sustains endogenously generated cGMP leading
to vasodilation and reduce cellular proliferation

111
Q

Diltiazem [Cardizem]

A

Blockade of calcium entry into smooth muscle leads to vasodilatation

112
Q

Nifedipine [Adalat]

A

Blockade of calcium entry into smooth muscle leads to vasodilatation

113
Q

Amlodipine [Norvasc]

A

Blockade of calcium entry into smooth muscle leads to vasodilatation

114
Q

Ivacaftor [Kalydeco]

A

Improves chloride transport through the mutated channels

115
Q

Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor [Orkambi]

A

Protein conformation stabilizer/chloride transport enhancer

116
Q

Cisplatin

A

Forms DNA intrastrand crosslinks and adducts

117
Q

Docetaxel

A

Microtubule stabilizer inhibiting depolymerization

118
Q

Gemcitabine

A

DNA polymerase inhibitor via incorporation of triphosphate form during DNA synthesis

119
Q

Paclitaxel

A

Microtubule stabilizer inhibiting depolymerization

120
Q

Pemetrexed

A

DHFR inhibitor

121
Q

Vinorelbine

A

Microtubule inhibitor; tubules disintegrate into spiral aggregates / protofilaments

122
Q

Irinotecan

A

DNA-topo I complex stabilizer

123
Q

Doxorubicin

A

Intercalator, free radical generator, topo II inhibitor

124
Q

Etoposide, VP-16

A

DNA-topo II complex stabilizer

125
Q

Methotrexate

A

DHFR inhibitor

126
Q

Topotecan

A

DNA-topo I complex stabilizer

127
Q

Cisplatin

A

Forms DNA intrastrand crosslinks and adducts

128
Q

Carboplatin

A

Forms DNA intrastrand crosslinks and adducts

129
Q

Ifosfamide

A

Intra- and inter-strand cross linker

130
Q

Irinotecan

A

DNA-topo I complex stabilizer

131
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Pro-drug of active alkylating moiety

132
Q

Vincristine

A

Microtubule inhibitor; tubules disintegrate into spiral aggregates / protofilaments

133
Q

Afatinib [Gilotrif]

A

EGFR TKI

134
Q

Bevacizumab [Avastin]

A

Circulating VEGF inhibitor

135
Q

Ceritinib [Zykadia]

A

ALK TKI

136
Q

Crizotinib [Xalkori]

A

ALK TKI

137
Q

Erlotinib [Tarceva]

A

EGFR TKI

138
Q

Gefitinib

A

EGFR TKI

139
Q

Nivolumab [Opdivo]

A

Checkpoint (PD1) inhibitor

140
Q

Bupropion [Wellbutrin]

A

Unclear but probably NE/DA mechanism

141
Q

Nicotine

A

Central nicotinic receptor agonist

142
Q

Varenicline [Chantix]

A

alpha-4-beta-2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist/partial agonist

143
Q

Clonidine [Catapres]

A

Blocks cravings, anxiety, restlessness, tension and hunger during attempts to quit

144
Q

Mecamylamine [Inversine]

A

Central nicotinic receptor antagonist

145
Q

Naltrexone [ReVia]

A

Opiate receptor antagonist

Pulm (4 decks)

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