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Bacteria Buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

hospital acquired, wet environments, ventilator associated

A

acinetobacter baumanii

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2
Q

anti-vaxxers; whooping cough (+/- post-cough vomiting); A-B toxin stimulates adenylate cyclase; catarrhal/paroxysmal/convalescent stages; PCR of swab for dx; azithromycin

A

bordatella pertussis

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3
Q

intracellular; unpasteurized dairy products and uncooked meat; antibody titers for dx; tetracycline+rifampin

A

brucella miletensis

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4
Q

“Woolsorter’s disease”; gram(+) rods w/ capsule; widened mediastinum and pleural effusions on CXR; antibody titers for dx; ciprofloxacin

A

bacillus anthracis

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5
Q

Whitmore’s disease”; intracellular (w/ capsule); rice paddies (via skin abrasions); can lyse cell or hijack actin network; CXR resembles TB; ceftazidime

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

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6
Q

walking pneumo in adults; very similar to Mycoplasma; doxycycline

A

Chlamydia pneumoniae

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7
Q

children; club-shaped beaded palisades; massive cervical LAD, grayish pseudomembrane on throat, cranial nerve palsy, and myocarditis; A-B toxin inactivates EF-2; Loeffler’s media or tellurite plate; methylene blue stain; antitoxin + penicillin/erythromycin

A

cornyebacterium diphtheriae

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8
Q

“Q-fever”; agricultural US states (via ticks); intracellular; atypical febrile PNA w/ heart and liver involvement; doxycycline

A

Coxiella burnetii

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9
Q

intracellular; LPS that cannot be recognized by TLR-4; ticks in AR/MO and Martha’s Vineyard; skin lesions, bubo-like LAD, and/or conjunctivitis; agglutination tests for dx; streptomycin

A

Francisella tularensis

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10
Q

capsule and IgA protease; chocolate agar (w/ factors V and X); amoxcillin (mild) or ceftriaxone (severe); also otitis media (w/ conjunctivitis), epiglottitis, and meningitis; exacerbation of COPD

A
  • Haemophilus influenzae
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11
Q

capsule; currant jelly sputum; alcoholics/malnourished; abscessing/necrotizing;

A
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
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12
Q

conventions or hotel water supplies; intracellular; diarrhea/confusion; hyponatremia; silver stain; charcoal yeast agar; urine antigen test; levofloxacin or azithromycin

A
  • Legionella pneumophila
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13
Q

pneumonia in elderly; exacerbation of COPD; otitis media (amoxicillin or Augmentin);

A
  • Moraxella catarrhalis
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14
Q

immigrants, alcoholics, inmates, and poor people; low CD4 counts (AIDS); night sweats, erythema nodosum, steeple sign; hilar/mediastinal LAD; PknG protein; acid-fast stain (mycolic acid); Lowenstein-Jensen agar; RIPE therapy (6-9 mos; 9-12 mos for miliary); BCG vaccine

A
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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15
Q

walking pneumo in school-aged children, military, prison; adhesin; cold agglutination test; Eaton agar; levofloxacin, azithromycin, or doxycycline

A
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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16
Q

gram(+) thin filaments; immunocompromised get PNA or brain abscesses; acid-fast stain; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

A
  • Nocardia asteroides
17
Q

ventilators, ET tubes, and burns (very common in HAP); exotoxin A; blue-green pigment; fruity odor; cefepime, piperacillin+tazobactam, meropenem, or ciprofloxacin

A
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
18
Q

post-viral infection; very common in HAP; abscessing/necrotizing;

A
  • Staphylococcus aureus
19
Q

most common pneumonia; lancet-shaped diplococci w/ capsule; splenectomy; IgA protease; urinary antigen test; Quellung reaction; penicillins or ceftriaxone; also 50% of all otitis media (then amoxicillin or Augmentin)

A
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
20
Q

“Group A strep”; epiglottitis; hyaluronic acid capsule; cellulitis, impetigo, or scarlet fever; can progress to acute rheumatic fever or acute GN

A
  • Streptococcus pyogenes
21
Q

“safety pin” appearance; F-1 antiphagocytic antigen, LPS, and Yops; rats/prairie dogs (via fleas); buboes w/ high fever, hemoptysis, and N/V; can progress to DIC; CXR shows lower-lung airspace disease w/ bilateral effusions; Giemsa or Wayson stain; streptomycin+tetracycline

A
  • Yersinia pestis
22
Q

military; febrile pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, and/or bronchiectasis; live vaccine for military

A
  • Adenovirus
23
Q

includes SARS (dry cough, tachypnea, and chills; palm civets and horseshoe bats) and MERS (severe w/ pneumonia and ARDS; also hemoptysis and N/V/D); also 15-20% of all URTIs; GI involvement

A
  • Coronavirus
24
Q

colitis and retinitis in AIDS patients; pneumonitis in kidney/stem cell transplants; latent state in monocytes;

A
  • Cytomegalovirus
25
southwest US; rodent excretions; “Sin Nombre” virus causes HPS; bilateral pleural effusions; flu-like illness w/ rapid progression to severe hypotension and pulmonary edema; no specific treatment
Hantavirus
26
infants/children; dry cough, rhinorrhea, fever, and wheezing;
- Human metapneumovirus
27
children croup (w/ seal-like barking cough and inspiratory stridor) caused by hPIV-1; PNA or bronchiolitis with hPIV-3
- Human parainfluenza virus
28
hemaglutinin and neuraminidase; Reye’s syndrome; RT-PCR or rapid antigen test; oseltamivir or zanamivir (also w/ prophylactic antibiotics)
- Influenza virus
29
infants/children; giant cells; RT-PCR or rapid antigen test; asthma is most common complication; ribavirin or palivizumab
- Respiratory syncytial virus
30
60% of all URTIs; no threat for LRTI; acid-labile; binds to ICAM-1
- Rhinovirus
31
fungal ball in cavities; hemoptysis; allergic reaction w/ high IgE; brownish sputum containing hyphae; galactomannan antigen test; septate hyphae w/ acute-angle branching; voriconazole
- Aspergillus fumigatus
32
dimorphic; OH/MS River Valleys; AR/MO River basins; mostly asymptomatic (+/- productive cough, CP, fever); broad-based bud; itraconazole (mild) or ambisome (severe)
- Blastomyces dermatitidis
33
dimorphic; “Valley Fever” w/ flu-like fever and cough; rupturing spherules; eosinophilia; pregnant women, blacks, and Filipinos at risk; ambisome (or fluconazole for meningitis)
- Coccidioides immitis
34
pigeon droppings; narrow-based bud w/ thick capsule; meningitis and pneumonia (fever, cough, hemoptysis) in AIDS patients;
- Cryptococcus neoformans
35
dimorphic; OH/MS River Valleys; insidious dry cough; mediastinal LAD; pancytopenia and mouth/GI ulcers; yeast in macrophages; urine antigen test; itraconazole (mild) or ambisome (severe)
- Histoplasma capsulatum
36
caused by Mucor, Rhizopus, Cunninghamella, or Lichtheimia; iron overload and DM are risk factors; invasive rhinocerebral sinusitis (to orbits) and cutaneous lesions; nonseptate hyphae w/ right-angle branching; ambisome or posaconazole
- Mucormycosis spp
37
dimorphic; Brazil; submandibular LAD; oral/nasal/facial nodular ulcerated lesions; yeast with multiple buds (“pilot wheel”); itraconazole (mild) or ambisome (severe)
- Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
38
AIDS patients; non-invasive alveolar cysts; methenamine silver or Giema stains; trimethprim-sulfamethoxazole
- Pneuomocystis jirovecii

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