Pulmonary Devices

Question 1

Defense mechanisms in the respiratory system

Answer 1

-cells: macrophage and dendritic cells
-mucociliary escalator

Question 2

benefits of pulmonary drug delivery

Answer 2

-direct delivery
-can use smaller doses because of direct delivery
-rapid clinical response
-large SA
-by pass barriers
-needle free

Question 3

~80% of particles actuated are _____ due to being deposited in the mouth and posterior pharynx.

Answer 3

swallowed

Question 4

barriers to successful pulmonary drug delivery

Answer 4

-impaction of inhaled drug particles
-mucocilliary
-drug degradation by proteolytic enzymes
-particle engulfment by macrophages

Question 5

impaction

Answer 5

Individual particles may not
follow the curvature of the air
going through the lungs, and
may impact (hit and stick) to
the wall of the airway
-large particle >10 um

Question 6

Sedimentation

Answer 6

-gravity acts on the particle
-particles 0.1-10 u

Question 7

Diffusion

Answer 7

Individual particles may not
follow the curvature of the air
going through the lungs, and
may impact (hit and stick) to
the wall of the airway
-particles <0.1 um

Question 8

diluents

Answer 8

act as a filler and improve flowability
-lactose

Question 9

Surfactants

Answer 9

-reduce particle agglomeration/prevents particles from irreversibly sticking together
-oleic acid, lecithin

Question 10

Propellants

Answer 10

-allows for generation of aerosol cloud
-HFA

Question 11

rescue therapy

Answer 11

-quick relief for flare ups
-SABAs
-SAMAs

Question 12

Maintenance therapy

Answer 12

-scheduled daily
-LABAs
-LAMAs
-ICS

Question 13

Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI)

Answer 13

–pressurized aluminum canister
-Uses a propellant as a driving force for aerosolized droplets

Question 14

Albuterol HFA

Answer 14

-Ventolin HFA
-SABA
-prime before first use and if not used for 2 weeks

Question 15

Spacers

Answer 15

-reduce particle velocity
-accommodate for poor inhaler technique
-minimize risks of thrush

Question 16

Aerosphere MDIs

Answer 16

-Breztri
-Bevespi
-combines drug crystals with phospholipid particle
-resulting suspension dissolves in airway

Question 17

Breath actuated MDI

Answer 17

-QVAR Redihaler
-No dose realse button
-can’t use with pacer

Question 18

Respimat Soft mist inhaler

Answer 18

-propellant free
-contains a medication cartridge that must be inserted correctly with each medication fill
-drug is release slower than MDI
-clean with damp cloth

Question 19

Dry powder inhalers

Answer 19

-patients supply the energy for powder to aerosolize\
-breath actuated
-requires adquate inspiratory flow

Question 20

Nebulizer

Answer 20

-small machine that turns liquid into mist

Question 21

Jet nebulizer

Answer 21

Compressed air passes through liquid med at high speed

Question 22

Ultrasonic nebulizer

Answer 22

vibrations of a crystal driven by alternating electric field

Question 23

Mesh nebulizer

Answer 23

laser drilled mesh virates