Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure Flashcards
The ____ is also used to measure the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) (also called pulmonary artery wedge pressure).
pulmonary artery catheter
___ is measured by slowly inflating the balloon via the balloon inflation port on the pulmonary artery catheter.
PCWP
As the balloon inflates, the pulmonary arterial waveform on the monitor will change to the ____ .
wedged pressure waveform
Proper inflation of the balloon usually requires no more than ___ ( ____depending on size of balloon) of air.
1.5 mL (0.75 to 1.5 mL
The balloon is ___ as soon as the reading of PCWP is obtained.
deflated
The ____ reading is typically taken at end-expiration for both spontaneous breathing and mechanically ventilated patients
PCWP
This practice should be done consistently for consistent ____ measurements and meaningful interpretation of hemodynamic data.
PCWP
____ reflects the left ventricular preload.
PCWP
The components of the ____ waveform are similar to the CVP or right atrial wave- form.
PCWP
the ___ wave of the PCWP waveform reflects left atrial contraction
a
____ downslope represents the decrease in left atrial pressure following contraction.
x
The ____ wave, if present, is seen along the x downslope, and it occurs during closure of the mitral valve.
c
The ____ wave indicates left ventricular contraction and passive atrial filling.
v
The ___ downslope is due to the decrease in blood volume and pressure following the opening of the mitral valve
y
Increased PCWP measure- ments are often observed in conditions where ____ or ____ is present in the left heart
partial obstruction / excessive blood flow
Two common changes in the PCWP waveform are the ___ and ___ waves.
a and v waves
The __ wave of the PCWP waveform may be increased in conditions leading to higher resistance to left ventricular filling.
a
The a wave of the PCWP waveform may be increased in conditions leading to higher resistance to left ventricular filling. Some examples are _____, ______, and ______.
mitral valve stenosis,
left ventricular hypervolemia or failure,
and decreased left ventricular compliance.
The ____ wave of the PCWP waveform may be increased due to mitral valve insufficiency.
v
The v wave of the PCWP waveform may be increased due to mitral valve insufficiency. This condition leads to ____ (backward flow) of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium through the incompetent mitral valve.
regurgitation
The normal range for PCWP is from ____.
8 to 12 mm Hg
______ can affect wedge pressure readings since over distension of the alveoli com- presses the surrounding capillaries and raises the capillary and arterial pressures.
Positive pressure ventilation or PEEP
A higher than normal wedge pressure may also be seen in ______.
left ventricular dysfunction
This is because _____ causes backup of blood flow in the left heart and pulmonary circulation.
left ventricular failure