Midterm - NONINVASIVE HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING Flashcards
There are three major types of noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring methods:
transesophageal echocardiography,
carbon dioxide elimination (V# CO2), and
impedance cardiography (ICG)
_____ provides diagnosis and monitoring of many structural and functional abnormalities of the heart.
Transesophageal echocardiography
(Transesophageal echocardiography) It can also be used to calculate cardiac output from measurement of blood flow velocity by recording the ____ of ultrasound.
Doppler shift
The time velocity integral obtained for the blood flow in the left ventricular outflow tract (e.g., descending aorta) is multiplied by the _____ and the heart rate to yield the cardiac output.
cross sectional area
This ____ technique requires a highly skilled technician to obtain accurate readings
Doppler
The _______ procedure may be done at the bedside, and continuous readings are available with this procedure.
transesophageal echocardiography
A ______ is placed into the esophagus (via the mouth or nose) with its distal end resting at the midthoracic level.
Doppler transducer probe
The ____ is rotated until it faces the aorta and is able to pick up the aortic blood flow signal.
probe / Doppler transducer probe
the cardiac output measured by this technique correlates well with the measurements using the traditional _____
thermodilution method
_______ : A method using a Doppler transducer in the esophagus for an indirect measurement of the blood flow velocity in the descending aorta and the calculation of the cardiac output and other hemodynamic data.
transesophageal echocardiog- raphy
_____ (VCO2) is a technology that can monitor and mea- sure cardiac output based on changes in respiratory CO2 concentration during a brief period of rebreathing.
Carbon dioxide elimination
The ____ (with cardiac output option) is a cardio- pulmonary management system that incorporates different sensors to measure the flow, airway pressure, and CO2 concentration.
NICO2
These measurements are used to calculate CO2 elimination.
flow, airway pressure, and CO2 concentration.
A ____ partial rebreathing method is used to derive the cardiac output.
Fick
The original Fick method uses the ____ (VO2) and ______ difference (C(a-v)O2) to calculate the cardiac output.
oxygen consumption / arterial- mixed venous oxygen content
This method for calculating cardiac output requires the use of specialized equipment and has never been suitable in the traditional clinical setting.
Carbon dioxide elimination
The NICO2 uses ___ instead of VO2
VCO2
_____ from an exhaled breath sample is used instead of using mixed venous and arterial blood samples (for C(a-v)O2).
End-tidal CO2
The ______ (Respironics®) can provide continuous cardiac output noninvasively via this method.
NICO system
____ A technology to monitor and measure cardiac output based on changes in respiratory CO2 concentration during a period of rebreathing.
carbon dioxide elimination
___ , also called thoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB), is a major division of noninvasive technique for hemodynamic monitoring.
Impedance cardiography (ICG)
___ is based on a technology originally used by NASA in the 1960s.
ICG / IMPEDANCE CARDIOGRAPHY
The introduction of the microprocessor and the working knowledge of echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging make ____ possible.
ICG