Pulmonary - Auscultation and Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

If pt has little atelectases, during auscultation you will hear

A

Rales or Crackles as the alveoli fill with air (they are stuck together)

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2
Q

If you hear crackles and then have pt use a incentive spirometer, what sound to you think you will hear after

A

hopefully you will not hear crackles or rales because they were able to re-inflate the alveoli

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3
Q

What would you hear if there is a large collapse (pneumo or effusion)

A

breath sounds would be absent or diminished, what you hear is air and there is no air getting down there

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4
Q

3 roles of pulmonary circulaton

A
  • facilitates gas exchange
  • delivers nutrients to lung tissue
  • filters debris from circulation
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5
Q

How do pulmonary arteries enter each lung and then what happens

A

Pulmonary arteries enter each lung at its hilus and branch and subdivide to accompany the bronchioles

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6
Q

What is responsible for regulating blood flow through the capillary beds

A

arterioles

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7
Q

At the terminal bronchioles what do the arterioles form

A

a network of capillaries around the alveoli

Alveoli and capillaries share a membrane 1 cell thick
gas exchange occurs across this membrane

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8
Q

What do pulmonary veins do?

A

Carry oxygenated blood through the hilus and into the left atrium

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9
Q

*How long does a normal blood cell spend in the capillary next to the alveoli

A

3/4 of a second

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10
Q

What are the 4 parts of respiration physiology

A
  • ventilation
  • respiration
  • diffusion
  • perfusion
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11
Q

What is ventilation

A

THE MECHANICAL MOVEMENT OF AIR IN AND OUT OF THE LUNGS

This is not gas exchange

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12
Q

What is the initial phase of respiration

A

Ventilation

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13
Q

What are we measuring when we are counting RR

A

The ventilator rate

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14
Q

What is respiraton

A

Gas Exchange

O2 in from the atm is delivered to body cells and tissue

CO2 is collected from the cells and dispelled into the atmosphere

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15
Q

What is diffusion

A

movement of gases between alveoli and blood

air diffuses via pressure gradients

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16
Q

What is perfusion

A

The passage of fluid through the lymphatic system or blood vessels to an organ or a tissue

17
Q

Perfusion and the Lungs

A

Volume of blood pushed through pulmonary capillaries by heart

Without blood flow, no gas exchange can occur

18
Q

What is shunting in the lungs

A

when blood flows through but is not oxygenated

19
Q

*What is physiological shunting

A

Often from destructive lung disease, which compromises ventilation (think mucous buildup or scarring- that air can’t get down to alveolus)

20
Q

*What is anatomical shunting

A

Blood bypasses lungs due to an anatomical defect (remember ASDs and VSDs)

21
Q

*Why is shunting a big deal

A

The blood goes back to the tissues and it is not oxygenated.

22
Q

4 steps for blood transport of O2

A

1) Ventilation of lungs
2) Diffusion of O2 from alveoli → pulm
capillary
3) Perfusion of systemic capillaries with oxygenated blood
4) Diffusion of O2 from systemic capillaries into cells

23
Q

4 STEPS FOR GAS TRANSPORT CO2

A

1) Diffusion of CO2 from cells to systemic capillaries
2) Perfusion of pulmonary capillary bed by venous blood
3) Diffusion of CO2 into alveoli
4) Ventilation of lungs expels CO2