Pulmonary - Anatomy

Question 1

What is the angle of the ribs called

Answer 1

costal angle

Question 2

What is the angle of louis

Answer 2

Sternal angle

where the manubrium and the body articulate

Question 3

Where is the angle of louis

Answer 3

found at the level of the 2nd rib.

Question 4

Where does the trachea bifurcate

Answer 4

At the sternal angle aka the angle of louis

Question 5

which ribs are true ribs

Answer 5

1-7

Question 6

Which ribs are false ribs

Answer 6

8-12

Question 7

Which ribs are attached to the sternum via cartilage above

Answer 7

8-10

Question 8

Which ribs are your floating ribs

Answer 8

10-12

Question 9

Muscles of the thorax, triad of normal ventilation

Answer 9

Diaphragm (primary inspiratory muscle), intercostals, and the abdominals

Question 10

What is the main tendon responsible for making a vacuum

Answer 10

the central tendon of the diaphragm

Question 11

What 3 vessels pass through the diaphragm

Answer 11

the vena cava
esophagus
*aorta

Question 12

The right phrenic nerve innervates and the left phrenic nerve innervates

Answer 12

R Phrenic nerve → R hemi-diaphragm

L Phrenic nerve → L hemi-diaphragm

Question 13

What does concentric contraction of the diaphragm do

Answer 13

Concentric contractions for quiet, forceful inhalation

Question 14

What does eccentric contraction of the diaphragm do

Answer 14

Eccentric contractions for controlled exhalation and speech

Question 15

Inspiration muscles

Answer 15

SCM
Scalenes
Serratus anterior
External intercostals

Question 16

Expiration muscles

Answer 16

internal intercostals
Tranversus thoracis
External oblique
internal oblique 
rectus abdominis

Question 17

Accessory muscles

Answer 17

Scalenes, SCM, traps
also
Serratus anterior, pectorals, and erector spinae

Question 18

is expiration active or passive

Answer 18

passive but forced expiration is an active process

Question 19

What are the 2 pleurea of the lungs

Answer 19

Visceral

Parietal

Question 20

What is the name of the point where nerves, vessels and bronchi penetrate the lungs

Answer 20

Hilus

Question 21

Fissures of the right and left lobes

Answer 21

R: horizontal fissure and oblique fissure
L: oblique fissure (lingula)

Question 22

How many segments do the right and left lobes have?

Answer 22

R lung: 10

L lung: 8

Question 23

What makes up the upper airway

Answer 23

nose, mouth, pharynx and larynx

Question 24

What makes up the lower airway

Answer 24

tracheobroncial tree

Question 25

Why is mouth breathing not as good as nose breathing

Answer 25

you lose the warming and filtration

Question 26

What do the upper airways do

Answer 26

warm, filter, humidify

Question 27

What helps prevent aspiration of food when eating?

Answer 27

the epiglottis

Question 28

What are the 2 zones of the tracheobronchial tree

Answer 28

conducting zone and the respiratory zone

Question 29

What is the conducting zone

Answer 29

from tracheal to terminal bronchioles
made up of cartilage and smooth muscle
conducts air

Question 30

What is the name of the area where the bronchi bifurcate

Answer 30

carina

Question 31

Which lung has a higher likelihood of aspiration

Answer 31

the right lung because the angle of the bronchi more vertical

Question 32

What happens to the bronchi as they bifurcate

Answer 32

Each time:
↓diameter,
↓cartilage,
↓ cilia

Question 33

how do you know when the bronchi become bronchioles

Answer 33

Once there are no cilia and no cartilage, the airway is called a BRONCHIOLE

Question 34

Lower airways (conducting zone) are compose of what type of tissue

Answer 34

Cartilage and smooth muscle.

It is a dynamic structure

Question 35

What is the anatomical landmark for the carina?

Answer 35

2nd intercostal space at the angle of luise where the manubrium meets the sternum