Pulmonary - Anatomy Flashcards
What is the angle of the ribs called
costal angle
What is the angle of louis
Sternal angle
where the manubrium and the body articulate
Where is the angle of louis
found at the level of the 2nd rib.
Where does the trachea bifurcate
At the sternal angle aka the angle of louis
which ribs are true ribs
1-7
Which ribs are false ribs
8-12
Which ribs are attached to the sternum via cartilage above
8-10
Which ribs are your floating ribs
10-12
Muscles of the thorax, triad of normal ventilation
Diaphragm (primary inspiratory muscle), intercostals, and the abdominals
What is the main tendon responsible for making a vacuum
the central tendon of the diaphragm
What 3 vessels pass through the diaphragm
the vena cava
esophagus
*aorta
The right phrenic nerve innervates and the left phrenic nerve innervates
R Phrenic nerve → R hemi-diaphragm
L Phrenic nerve → L hemi-diaphragm
What does concentric contraction of the diaphragm do
Concentric contractions for quiet, forceful inhalation
What does eccentric contraction of the diaphragm do
Eccentric contractions for controlled exhalation and speech
Inspiration muscles
SCM
Scalenes
Serratus anterior
External intercostals
Expiration muscles
internal intercostals Tranversus thoracis External oblique internal oblique rectus abdominis
Accessory muscles
Scalenes, SCM, traps
also
Serratus anterior, pectorals, and erector spinae
is expiration active or passive
passive but forced expiration is an active process
What are the 2 pleurea of the lungs
Visceral
Parietal
What is the name of the point where nerves, vessels and bronchi penetrate the lungs
Hilus
Fissures of the right and left lobes
R: horizontal fissure and oblique fissure
L: oblique fissure (lingula)
How many segments do the right and left lobes have?
R lung: 10
L lung: 8
What makes up the upper airway
nose, mouth, pharynx and larynx
What makes up the lower airway
tracheobroncial tree
Why is mouth breathing not as good as nose breathing
you lose the warming and filtration
What do the upper airways do
warm, filter, humidify
What helps prevent aspiration of food when eating?
the epiglottis
What are the 2 zones of the tracheobronchial tree
conducting zone and the respiratory zone
What is the conducting zone
from tracheal to terminal bronchioles
made up of cartilage and smooth muscle
conducts air
What is the name of the area where the bronchi bifurcate
carina
Which lung has a higher likelihood of aspiration
the right lung because the angle of the bronchi more vertical
What happens to the bronchi as they bifurcate
Each time:
↓diameter,
↓cartilage,
↓ cilia
how do you know when the bronchi become bronchioles
Once there are no cilia and no cartilage, the airway is called a BRONCHIOLE
Lower airways (conducting zone) are compose of what type of tissue
Cartilage and smooth muscle.
It is a dynamic structure
What is the anatomical landmark for the carina?
2nd intercostal space at the angle of luise where the manubrium meets the sternum
