Pulmonary Antimicrobials Flashcards
What are symptoms of Resp Diseases? What are some Chronic Lower Resp Diseases? What are some Resp Infectious Diseases?
Symptoms:
- SOB
- Wheeze
- Chest pain
- Cough
CLRDs:
- Asthma, COPD, Fibrosis
RIDs:
- Including influenza, pneumonia
What is Chemotherapy?
= use of chemicals to treat disease caused by microorganisms
What are features of Acute and Chronic Rhinosinusistis?
Acute:
- usually viral or allergic
- usually self resolving
Chronic:
- Physical Obstruction -> Allergy, Cystic fibrosis, bacterial infection
What is treatment for Acute and Chronic Rhinosinusitis?
Acute:
- symptomatic treatment
- fever and pain relief
- decongestants -> Oxymetazoline, Phenylephrine
Chronic:
- treat the cause
- inflammation -> nasal or oral corticosteroid
- infection -> antibiotic
What are some antibacterials for Rhinosinusitis?
Acute:
- required if symptoms last >7days or if severe symptoms
Chronic:
- if pus seen w nasal endoscopy
- Drug of Choice: Amoxicillin
- Alternatives: Cefuroxime, Doxycyline
What is Cefuroxime? MOA? What is it effective against
- its a cephalosporin
- Alternative if penicillin sensitive
MOA: - inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
Effective against: - H influenzae
What is Amoxicillin? What is its MOA? What type of spectrum? What is its adverse effects?
- First line treatment = Amoxicillin
MOA: - inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
- lysis and death of growing cells
Spectrum: - Moderate spectrum
Adverse Effects: - nausea, diarrhoea
What are Pharmacokinetics and Adverse Effects of Cephalosporins?
Pharmacokinetics:
- Renal clearance
Adverse Effects:
- allergy
- nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea
What is Doxycyline? MOA? Spectrum? Adverse Effects?
- Its a tetracycline
- alternative if penicillin sensitive
MOA: - prevents protein translation
- bacteriostatic
Adverse Effects: - irritates GIT -> nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea
- renal damage, hepatotoxicity
What are antimicrobials for Pharyngitis (strep pyogenes)?
- highly susceptible to penicillins
- narrow spectrum is preferred
- for penicillin-sensitive patients:
- Cephalaxin (a cephalosporin)
- Azithromycin (a macrolide)
What are Macrolides? MOA? 3 examples? Spectrum?
- not first line treatment
MOA: - inhibition of protein synthesis
- bacteriostatic
Spectrum: - broad
What are uses for Azythromycin (macrolide)? Uses? AEs?
- have fewer drug interactions than erythromycin
Uses: - for sinusitis and URTIs
- alt for penicillin sensitive
AEs: - GIT issues -> nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea
What are causes for Otitis media? What would you treat it with?
Causes:
- bacterial and viral
Treatment:
- symptomatic treatment -> fever and pain relief (paracetemol, NSAIDs)
- Antibiotics for ATSI and immunocompromised patients hw wouldnt use normally cos of AEs
What Antimicrobials would you use for Otitis Media?
- Amoxicillin
- Cefuroxime (for penicillin sensitive)
Summary for treatments of URTI
Summary for URTI if anti-infective therapy is required
What is Bronchitis? Causes?
= Bronchitis is inflammation of the larger airways in your lungs the inflammation causes you to cough
Causes:
- Acute -> usually viral
- Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough)
- Influenza
What are stages of Pertussis Infection? and features?
Catarrhal Stage:
- low grade fever
- mild, occasional cough
Paroxysmal Stage:
- numerous rapid coughs
- cyanosis, vomiting, exhaustion
Antibacterial Treatment of Pertussis?
Macrolides -> Azithromycin, Clarithromycin
What are Anti-Infleunza Drugs
- neuraminidase inhibitors -> Oseltamivir, Zanamivir
AEs: - nausea, vomiting
Empirial treatment for Pneumonia?
Low severity:
- amoxicillin
- doxycyline or clarithromycin
- cefuroxime
Moderate severity:
- benzylpenicillin
- doxycycline
High severity:
- managed in ICU
What is Tuberculosis and causes:
= a disease caused by infection with the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What is treatment of Tuberculosis?
Combination treatment of:
- Rifampicin
- Isoniazid
- Pyrazinamide
What is the MOA of Rifampicin? and precautions?
MOA:
- inhib. of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Precaution:
- resistance develops
What is Ioniazid MOA? and precautions?
MOA:
- inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids in cell wall
Precaution:
- resistance develops
- fever, hepatotoxicity
