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Y2 S1 Pharmacology > Pulmonary Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Pulmonary Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

What are symptoms of Resp Diseases? What are some Chronic Lower Resp Diseases? What are some Resp Infectious Diseases?

A

Symptoms:
- SOB
- Wheeze
- Chest pain
- Cough
CLRDs:
- Asthma, COPD, Fibrosis
RIDs:
- Including influenza, pneumonia

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2
Q

What is Chemotherapy?

A

= use of chemicals to treat disease caused by microorganisms

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3
Q

What are features of Acute and Chronic Rhinosinusistis?

A

Acute:
- usually viral or allergic
- usually self resolving
Chronic:
- Physical Obstruction -> Allergy, Cystic fibrosis, bacterial infection

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4
Q

What is treatment for Acute and Chronic Rhinosinusitis?

A

Acute:
- symptomatic treatment
- fever and pain relief
- decongestants -> Oxymetazoline, Phenylephrine
Chronic:
- treat the cause
- inflammation -> nasal or oral corticosteroid
- infection -> antibiotic

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5
Q

What are some antibacterials for Rhinosinusitis?

A

Acute:
- required if symptoms last >7days or if severe symptoms
Chronic:
- if pus seen w nasal endoscopy
- Drug of Choice: Amoxicillin
- Alternatives: Cefuroxime, Doxycyline

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6
Q

What is Cefuroxime? MOA? What is it effective against

A
  • its a cephalosporin
  • Alternative if penicillin sensitive
    MOA:
  • inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
    Effective against:
  • H influenzae
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6
Q

What is Amoxicillin? What is its MOA? What type of spectrum? What is its adverse effects?

A
  • First line treatment = Amoxicillin
    MOA:
  • inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
  • lysis and death of growing cells
    Spectrum:
  • Moderate spectrum
    Adverse Effects:
  • nausea, diarrhoea
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6
Q

What are Pharmacokinetics and Adverse Effects of Cephalosporins?

A

Pharmacokinetics:
- Renal clearance
Adverse Effects:
- allergy
- nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea

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7
Q

What is Doxycyline? MOA? Spectrum? Adverse Effects?

A
  • Its a tetracycline
  • alternative if penicillin sensitive
    MOA:
  • prevents protein translation
  • bacteriostatic
    Adverse Effects:
  • irritates GIT -> nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea
  • renal damage, hepatotoxicity
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8
Q

What are antimicrobials for Pharyngitis (strep pyogenes)?

A
  • highly susceptible to penicillins
  • narrow spectrum is preferred
  • for penicillin-sensitive patients:
    • Cephalaxin (a cephalosporin)
    • Azithromycin (a macrolide)
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9
Q

What are Macrolides? MOA? 3 examples? Spectrum?

A
  • not first line treatment
    MOA:
  • inhibition of protein synthesis
  • bacteriostatic
    Spectrum:
  • broad
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10
Q

What are uses for Azythromycin (macrolide)? Uses? AEs?

A
  • have fewer drug interactions than erythromycin
    Uses:
  • for sinusitis and URTIs
  • alt for penicillin sensitive
    AEs:
  • GIT issues -> nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea
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11
Q

What are causes for Otitis media? What would you treat it with?

A

Causes:
- bacterial and viral
Treatment:
- symptomatic treatment -> fever and pain relief (paracetemol, NSAIDs)
- Antibiotics for ATSI and immunocompromised patients hw wouldnt use normally cos of AEs

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12
Q

What Antimicrobials would you use for Otitis Media?

A
  • Amoxicillin
  • Cefuroxime (for penicillin sensitive)
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13
Q

Summary for treatments of URTI

A
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14
Q

Summary for URTI if anti-infective therapy is required

A
15
Q

What is Bronchitis? Causes?

A

= Bronchitis is inflammation of the larger airways in your lungs the inflammation causes you to cough
Causes:
- Acute -> usually viral
- Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough)
- Influenza

16
Q

What are stages of Pertussis Infection? and features?

A

Catarrhal Stage:
- low grade fever
- mild, occasional cough
Paroxysmal Stage:
- numerous rapid coughs
- cyanosis, vomiting, exhaustion

17
Q

Antibacterial Treatment of Pertussis?

A

Macrolides -> Azithromycin, Clarithromycin

18
Q

What are Anti-Infleunza Drugs

A
  • neuraminidase inhibitors -> Oseltamivir, Zanamivir
    AEs:
  • nausea, vomiting
19
Q

Empirial treatment for Pneumonia?

A

Low severity:
- amoxicillin
- doxycyline or clarithromycin
- cefuroxime
Moderate severity:
- benzylpenicillin
- doxycycline
High severity:
- managed in ICU

20
Q

What is Tuberculosis and causes:

A

= a disease caused by infection with the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis

21
Q

What is treatment of Tuberculosis?

A

Combination treatment of:
- Rifampicin
- Isoniazid
- Pyrazinamide

22
Q

What is the MOA of Rifampicin? and precautions?

A

MOA:
- inhib. of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Precaution:
- resistance develops

23
Q

What is Ioniazid MOA? and precautions?

A

MOA:
- inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids in cell wall
Precaution:
- resistance develops
- fever, hepatotoxicity

Y2 S1 Pharmacology (9 decks)

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