Pulmonary and intranasal administration

Question 1

what is pulmonary administration targeted for?

Answer 1

-treatment of airway disease

Question 2

does it avoid 1st pass metabolism?

Answer 2

-yes

Question 3

is the dose smaller or larger than oral delivery?

Answer 3

-smaller

Question 4

what are the functions of the lungs?

Answer 4

• eliminate co2
• oxygenate blood
• encourages removal of airborne particles
• prevents entry of those airborne, foreign, particles

Question 5

what are the names of the 3 sections that the respiratory system is divided into

Answer 5

-nasopharynx region
-tracheobronchial region
-pulmonary region
(NTP)

Question 6

which is the conducting region?

Answer 6

-tracheobronchial region

Question 7

which is the respiratory region

Answer 7

-pulmonary region

Question 8

what is the alveoli lined with?

Answer 8

• type 1 and type 2 pneumocytes

- type 1 covers more S.A. than type 2 but less cells present

Question 9

how is the drug delivered by a pulmonary device?

Answer 9

-as an AEROSOL

Question 10

what are the names of the 3 types of devices that exist?

Answer 10

• nebulisers
• dry powder inhaler
• pressurised metered dose inhalers (NDP)

Question 11

is the nebuliser the easiest method of producing an aerosol?

Answer 11

-yes

Question 12

does the nebuliser deliver large amounts of drug suspension and solution?

Answer 12

-yes

Question 13

is the aerosol production continuous?

Answer 13

• yes
• therefore allows drug administration to be delivered during tidal breathing
• good for children, elderly, or unconscious but large proportion of drug dose lost.

Question 14

do physical properties affect the efficiency of nebuliser?

Answer 14

• yes

- like surface area, viscosity, pH, osmolality…

Question 15

how does an air jet nebuliser work? -6 points

Answer 15

• compressed air (oxygen)
• carries liquid medication
• through narrow hole
• at high velocity
• turns into aerosol
• inhaled by patient

Question 16

how does ultrasonic nebuliser work? - 7 points

Answer 16

• pizoelectric transducer generates ultrasonic wave
• vibrates at diaphragm at high frequency
• in contact with liquid med
• high freq vibrations converts liquid into vapour mist
• higher freq vibrations - smaller vapour droplets

Question 17

are DPI’s breath actuated?

Answer 17

-yes

Question 18

give examples of single dose inhalers

Answer 18

-rotahaler, spinhaler, cyclohaler, aerohaler

Question 19

what is contained in a single dose inhaler?

Answer 19

• drug and LACTOSE (bulking agent/carrier)

- packed in gelatine capsules

Question 20

what happens when gelatine capsules are placed in the DPI?

Answer 20

• device punctures the capsule (priming of device)

- the powder inside the capsule is dispersed by the air inhaled by the patient

Question 21

give an example of an MDI?

Answer 21

-diskhaler

Question 22

where is the drug filled?

Answer 22

• drug and lactose filled into sealed aluminium foil blisters
• 4 / 8 blisters per disc

Question 23

give an example of a reservoir DPI?

Answer 23

-turbohaler

Question 24

where is the drug contained in a reservoir DPI?

Answer 24

• storage recevoir

- base of device

Question 25

what happens when the base of device is twisted?

Answer 25

• dose is dispensed (metered dose) into the dosing chamber

- up to 200 doses

Question 26

how does a PDI work?

Answer 26

• medication delivered in dry powder form
• air is forced thru powder containing drug, carrier and other excipients
• turbulent air created inside powder deaggregates large particles into small particles so it can penetrate the lungs and drug is removed from carrier