Pulmonary Anatomy/Phys Flashcards
What levels make up the false ribs?
7-10
What levels make up the true ribs?
1-6
What is the pharynx?
membrane-lined cavity behind nose and mouth, connecting them to esophagus
- part of both respiratory and digestive systems
What area connects the pharynx to the trachea, and includes the epiglottis and vocal cords?
larynx
What pieces of the respiratory system make up the conducting airways?
trachea to terminal bronchioles
Are the respiratory bronchioles part of the conducting airways or are they part of the respiratory unit?
respiratory unit = respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli
What are the two layers of pleura called in the respiratory system?
parietal pleura = layer covering the inner surface of the thoracic cage, diaphragm, and mediastinal border of the lung
visceral pleura = wraps the outer surface of the lung including the fissue lines
What is the primary muscle of inspiration?
the diaphragm
When the diaphragm contracts, which way does it move? (up or down)
central tendon pulls the muscle down, flattening the dome and protruding the abdominal wall
List accessory muscles of inspiration.
scalenes, serratus posterior, levatores costarum, SCM
- upper tral, pecs, and serratus can also become inspiratory muscles as they fix the shoulder girdle
Normal abdominal tone holds the abdominal contents where?
directly beneath diaphragm (helping it maintain the arched dome)
Resting exhalation results from what two mechanisms?
1) passive relaxation of inspiratory muscles
2) elastic recoil tendency of the lungs
Your patient with a C7 SCI is beginning to sit up for exercise - you notice their breathing is becoming more labored with seated scooting exercises. After you determine vitals are all appropriate, what could you conclude is the result of this RR increase?
pts with SCI have a lower resting position of the diaphragm, thus resulting in decreased inspiratory capacity
What tool is often indicated for patients with poor abdominal tone to help assist with ventilation? (ex. SCI pts)
abdominal binder
- provides support to abdominal viscera, assisting ventilation
T/F: The more supine positioning, the more advantageous to the diaphragm.
true (more room to contract)
When a more forceful/rapid exhalation is desired when completing a high-intensity workout, what muscles might be acting?
quadratus lumborum, portions of the intercostals, and abdominal muscles
Describe the following:
1) TV
2) ERV
3) IRV
TV = tidal volume
- volume of gas inhaled (or exhaled) during a normal resting breath
ERV = expiratory reserve volume
- volume of gas that can be exhaled beyond a tidal exhalation
IRV = inspiratory reserve volume
- volume of gas that can be inhaled beyond a normal resting tidal inhalation
What are lung capacaties? (general sense)
two or more lung volumes added together
What is inspiratory capacity?
TV + IRV
What is functional residual capacity?
ERV + RV
- amount of air that resides in lungs after tidal exhalation
What is vital capacity?
TV + IRV + ERV
- the amount of air that is under volitional control
What does total lung capacity consist of?
TV + IRV + ERV + RV
What’s the difference between vital capacity and total lung capacity?
vital capacity doesn’t include RV
What is FEV1? What’s a typical value for this?
forced expiratory volume in 1 sec
- typical = at least 70% of FVC is exhaled in 1s
- aka FEV1/FVC = >.7
Aka how much air can you push out in 1s out of the total amount of air you have under volitional control
What is FVC?
forced expiratory vital capacity (same as VC)
- IRV + TV + ERV (aka amount of air that’s under volitional control)
What is the forced expiratory flow rate?
FEF is the slope of a line drawn between the points 25% and 75% of exhaled volume on a FVC exhalation curve
- flow rate more specific to smaller airways
