Chronic Restrictive diseases and other respiratory conditions Flashcards
What is parenchyma?
functional tissue of an organ as separated from connective/supportive tissue
What can cause restrictive lung disease? (3)
1) alterations in lung parenchyma and pleura (fibrosis)
2) alterations in chest wall (bony issues)
3) alterations in neuromuscular apparatus (MS, PD, SCI)
What bony/integument abnormalities/disease can cause issues with inspiration (thus respiratory restriction)?
- pectus excavatum
- ankylosing spondylitis
- arthritis
- scoliosis
- thoracic burns or scleroderma
What disease states can cause a difficulty in expanding the rib cage (thus resulting in restrictive lung disease)?
SCI, PD, CVA, MS, DMD
What ventilatory pattern can occur after acute trauma/fracture to the ribs?
flail chest: paroxycal breathing
- inspiration = in
- exhalation = out
With a R hemothorax, what side will the trachea be shifted?
to left (same with pneumo) - since there's blood (or air with pneumothorax) in the pleural space, there's positive pressure that pushes the trachea away towards the other side
What sound will you hear with mediate percussion with a pneumothorax?
tympany (bell-like percussion sound)
What often causes a pneumothorax?
laceration of lung from a rib fracture
What is pulmonary edema?
excessive seepage of fluid from pulmonary system into interstitial space; may eventually cause alveolar edema
- aka fluid buildup in the lung tissue between the grapes and capillaries (makes it hard for O2 to get exchanged)
- can cause alveolar edema, which can result in atelectasis
Your patient has a cough with frothy, pink secretions. What could be occurring?
pulmonary edema
Your patient that you’re getting out of bed has a sudden onset of shortness of breath, is tachy, and they’re becoming cyanotic. They also complain of chest pain. What could be occuring?
pulmonary emboli
What’s the difference between pulmonary edema and pleural effusion?
pulmonary edema = fluid inside lungs
pleural effusion = fluid outside of lungs
What types of inflammatory diseases can cause pleural effusion? How do they do this?
increased pleural permeability to proteins d/t inflammatory disease like….
- pneumonia
- RA
- systemic lupus
What does pleuritic pain look like? What could this be from?
sharp pain with deep inhale/exhale, or cough
- could be from pleural effusion
Your patient who’s post-op from a CABG exhibits decreased breath sounds, SOB, and tachycardia. They also have an increased temperature. What could be occuring?
atelectasis - caused by hypoventiliation post-op d/t pain
