Pulmonary Anatomy Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards
Recall the chest wall, compared to the abdominal wall, is very….
….stiff - the muscles and bone do not allow for the same distensability
Intercostal neurovascular bundles travel on the….
Why is this important?
….inferior aspect of the ribs
Want to pierce on the superior aspect of a rib in the intercostal space directly above it to prevent potentially puncturing a vessel or nerve during procedures
The left ventricle of the heart is up against the ___, similarly the right atrium is up against the ___, this causes concern for….
left lung, right lung,
….myo or pericarditis that could potentially cause or be caused by a pleural effusion
The costovertebral angle is important in pulmonology because….
….pleural effusion or other lung disease can present in a similar location to a UTI (lower back) because of how the pleura extend into this general space
The left lung components (3) and the right lung components (3)
Left lung: upper, lower lobes and lingula
Right lung: upper, middle, and lower lobe
Aspiration pneumonia is more likely to effect which lung?
The right lung, lower lobe (sometimes other lobes) because it has a more direct path from the left and right bronchi
Bronchial vs pulmonary circulations
Bronchial is part of the systemic circulation arising from the thoracic aorta to supply the bronchi and the pleura with oxygenated blood, the pulmonary circulation is derived from the right ventricle of the heart and brings deoxygenated blood to the lungs (that still is sufficient to supply most of the lung tissues, even with compromised bronchial circulation) where it is oxygenated and returned to the left atrium
Pneumocyte structure
Has a centralized nucleus and organelles and then spreads diffusely to form a lumen with its membrane to keep it thin for gas exchange, has tight junctions between pneumocytes to prevent any fluid from entering the alveolar space
Importance of surfactant keeping the lungs partially inflated at all times
Lowers the amount of effort upon inspiration needed to initially overcome tension to open alveoli
Why is CO2 gas transport easier than O2?
CO2 diffuses more readily across the interstitial space than O2, this is demonstrated in pulmonary edema patients who see relatively normal CO2 levels exhaled despite the condition
Why is lung cancer so dangerous? How is it staged?
- Lymphatic drainage from the lungs are very connected creating an easy pathway for metastasis to the bronchi or trachea
- Staged based on the lymph node it has progressed to, this determines method of treatment and prognosis
Each lobe of the lung has its own…
Why is this important?
….blood supply
-Can perform resection of lobe of lung without affecting functioning or blood supply to others
Costovertebral angle definition
The acute triangle formed on either side of the body in the inferior space between the 12th rib and vertebral column (the kidney lives below this area –> think CVA tenderness positive Murphy sign with pyelo)
3 components of the sternum
Manubrium, body, xypohid process
Fissures of the lung
Oblique: divide upper and lower lobes of both lungs
Horizontal: divides the right lung between upper and middle lobes
