Pulmonary Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
4 functions of respiratory system
- Ventilation and perfusion
- Respiration
- Transport of O2 and CO2
- Diffusion of O2 and CO2
It is the act of moving air in and out of lungs
Ventilation
Law of Physics for ventilation
Boyle’s Law
inhale = air goes in our lungs; exhale = air goes outside our lungs
It is referred to as the pulmonary blood flow
Perfusion
Where is the greates perfusion?
Base of the lungs d/t gravity
What is the normal ventilation to perfusion?
V/Q ratio: 0.8 or 80%
Fev1/ FVC ratio: 0.8 or 80%
referred as gas exchange
respiration
External respiration happens between ____ and ____;
Internal respiration happens between ___ and ____
External: alveoli and capillaries
Internal: capillaries and tissues
It is referred to as the inhalataion and exhalation
transport of O2 and CO2
from high to low concentration (a passive process)
Diffusion of O2 and CO2
3 components of URT
upper respiratory tract
- Nose/Nasal cavity
- Pharynx or Throat
- Larynx or voice box
Define NOSE and its function
Definition: large, mucosal (moist) surface area
Function: filters and warms/ humidify air
Describe PHARYNX and what are the 3 divisions of pharynx
aka throat
under respiratory and gastrointestinal system
1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx
Function of Larynx aka voice box
a. Voice/sound production
b. Ensures that air will pass through the trachea
the guardians of the airways prevent foreign object pass through the trachea, leaflet structure
Epiglottis
other name for the Lower respiratory tract and how many generations are there?
Tracheobronchial Tree
23 generations
What are the generations of LRT (10)
T, MB, LB, SB, Tb, Rb, AD, AS, A, C
- Trachea (windpipe)
- Mainstem bronchi (R/L)
- Lobar bronchi
- Segmental bronchi
- Terminal bronchioles
- Respiratory bronchioles
- Alveolar ducts
- Alveolar sacs
- Alveoli (structural unit of the lungs) (300M)
- Capillaries
- Most common site of intubation = Trachea
- Tracheostomy – procedure of opening trachea
Passageway of air only; no ga exchange occurs
Conducting zone
Trachea up to terminal bronchioles
functional unit of the lungs
Acinus
Level of division or bifurcation of L/R bronchi
Carina
common resting place for large aspirated objects and reason why
R main Bronchus: shorter, wider and more vertical in orientation
Which lung is common for occurrence of aspiration pneumonia
Right lung
structural unit of lungs
Alveoli
membrae covering the lungs including the fissure lines
Visceral pleura
membrane that covers the thoracic wall
Parietal pleura
