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cardiopulmonary > Pulmonary A&P > Flashcards

Pulmonary A&P Flashcards

1
Q

fibers of the diaphragm

A

vertical: on the outer edges, take care of easy breathing
horizontal: only necessary for heavy breathing, change the shape of the dome of the diaphragm

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2
Q

parasternals

A

stabilize the upper thorax so that the diaphragm can do its job

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3
Q

scalenes

A

attach to 1st and 2nd rib and help with pump handle motion of sternum
get stronger as they contract

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4
Q

muscles that help with respiration during exercise/disease

A 
SCM
upper traps
pec major
pec minor
subclavius
spinal extensors
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5
Q

pec major clavicular head

A

help with inspiration if humeral attachment is above clavicle (hands on head)
help with expiration when humeral attachment is below clavicle

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6
Q

active musclesof exhalation

A 
transverse abdominus
internal obliques
external obliques
rectus abdominus
spinal flexors
lats
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7
Q

R and L lobes

A

3 on R, 2 on L

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8
Q

elastic recoil

A

the lungs want to be deflated, as soon as the inspiratory muscles turn off the lungs pull

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9
Q

thoracic spring force

A

the thorax wants to pull out and pulls on the pleura which forces the lungs to expand during inspiration

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10
Q

respiratory muscle force

A

at rest: only active during inspiration, pull on the thorax

end of exhalation-no respiratory muscles are active

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11
Q

resting end expiratory pressure

A

equilibrium of elastic recoil, thoracic spring force, respiratory muscle force
pressure in the lungs when you expire tidal volume

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12
Q

tidal volume

A

normal breath volume

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13
Q

expiratory reserve volume

A

after tidal volume exhale, the rest of the air you are able to breathe out

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14
Q

total lung capacity

A

everything in your lunge– IRV, ERV, TV, RV

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15
Q

vital capacity

A

the amount of air you have control over

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16
Q

residual volume

A

the air that is always in your lungs to keep them inflated

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17
Q

inspiratory reserve volume

A

what you can breathe in after your tidal volume inspiration

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18
Q

FEV1

A

the amount of air you can blow out in one second

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19
Q

V/Q

A

ventilation/perfusion

normally, when the blood has travelled 1/3 of the way around the alveoli, it is fully oxygenated

20
Q

dead space in alveoli

A

no perfusion from blood

21
Q

shunt

A

alveoli are closed, blood is coming through but it is not taking in air

22
Q

how does v/q change with positioning

A

q is what changes the most
in standing your v/q ratio is the best because the most blood is in zone 3 (gravity) and the place where the most oxygen is is where the lungs can expand the most (lower thorax)

23
Q

PAO2

A

partial presure of oxygen in the atmosphere

24
Q

PACO2

A

partial pressure of carbon dioxide in atmosphere

25
Q

PaO2

A

partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood

normal 100 mm Hg

26
Q

PACO2

A

partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood

normal 40mm Hg

27
Q

pH

A

hydrogen ions normal 7.4

28
Q

H2CO3

A

carbonic acid

29
Q

hyper/hypoventilation

A

dependent on levels of PaCO2

30
Q

biots breathing

A

baby breathing– uncoordinated because the muscles are not fully formed/motor patterns have nor been established
if in an adult– not normal, problem in pons or medulla

31
Q

neural control of breathing

A

cortical control is available but not necessary for us because involuntary breathing is regulated by pons and medulla

32
Q

cheyne-stokes breathing

A

different amplitudes of breathing followed by periods of apnea

33
Q

cardiac structure/positioning

A

RV under sternum, apex of the heart at midclavicular line
base: atria (top of heart)
apex (LV, bottom of heart)

34
Q

great vessel valves

A

aortic valve: between LV and aorta

pulmonary valve: between RV and pulmonary artery

35
Q

AV valves

A

tricuspid: between RA and RV
mitral: between LA and LV
chordi tendoni stretch and open the valves from the ventricles

36
Q

right ventricle pressure

A

max systole 30

diastole: 0-8

37
Q

Right atrium pressure

A

0-8

38
Q

Left atrium pressure

A

0-10

39
Q

left ventricle pressure

A

100-140 systole

3-12 diastole

40
Q

pulmonary artery pressure

A

systole = RV systole

diastole NOT equal to RV diastole (greater)

41
Q

aorta pressure

A

systole equal to left ventricle systole

diastole NOT equal to LV diastole (greater)

42
Q

AV node

A

can fire on its own if SA is not working, fires at 40-60bpm

43
Q

SA node

A

sits in the back of the RA, responsible for depolarizing and setting off the rest of the pathway, fires at 70-80bpm

44
Q

coronary arteries

A

R&L , left anterior descending (front of the heart, LV), Left circumflex (inferior part of the heart)
–fill during diastole

45
Q

cardiac automaticity

A

heart will fire if taken out of the body as long as blood is being pumped

46
Q

cardiac contractility

A

different because of the alignment of fibers

atria: umbrella
ventricle: fist

47
Q

EKG values P, QRS, T

A

P: atria depolarization
QRS: ventricle depolarization
T: ventricle repolarization

cardiopulmonary (7 decks)

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