Pulmonary A&P Flashcards
fibers of the diaphragm
vertical: on the outer edges, take care of easy breathing
horizontal: only necessary for heavy breathing, change the shape of the dome of the diaphragm
parasternals
stabilize the upper thorax so that the diaphragm can do its job
scalenes
attach to 1st and 2nd rib and help with pump handle motion of sternum
get stronger as they contract
muscles that help with respiration during exercise/disease
SCM upper traps pec major pec minor subclavius spinal extensors
pec major clavicular head
help with inspiration if humeral attachment is above clavicle (hands on head)
help with expiration when humeral attachment is below clavicle
active musclesof exhalation
transverse abdominus internal obliques external obliques rectus abdominus spinal flexors lats
R and L lobes
3 on R, 2 on L
elastic recoil
the lungs want to be deflated, as soon as the inspiratory muscles turn off the lungs pull
thoracic spring force
the thorax wants to pull out and pulls on the pleura which forces the lungs to expand during inspiration
respiratory muscle force
at rest: only active during inspiration, pull on the thorax
end of exhalation-no respiratory muscles are active
resting end expiratory pressure
equilibrium of elastic recoil, thoracic spring force, respiratory muscle force
pressure in the lungs when you expire tidal volume
tidal volume
normal breath volume
expiratory reserve volume
after tidal volume exhale, the rest of the air you are able to breathe out
total lung capacity
everything in your lunge– IRV, ERV, TV, RV
vital capacity
the amount of air you have control over
residual volume
the air that is always in your lungs to keep them inflated
inspiratory reserve volume
what you can breathe in after your tidal volume inspiration
FEV1
the amount of air you can blow out in one second
V/Q
ventilation/perfusion
normally, when the blood has travelled 1/3 of the way around the alveoli, it is fully oxygenated
dead space in alveoli
no perfusion from blood
shunt
alveoli are closed, blood is coming through but it is not taking in air
how does v/q change with positioning
q is what changes the most
in standing your v/q ratio is the best because the most blood is in zone 3 (gravity) and the place where the most oxygen is is where the lungs can expand the most (lower thorax)
PAO2
partial presure of oxygen in the atmosphere
PACO2
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in atmosphere
