Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PANCE REVIEW > Pulmonary > Flashcards

Pulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

MC pathogen and treatment for CAP (adult and pediatric)

A

Step. Pneumo *rusty (blood-tinged sputum)

*Give macrolide of doxycycline, amoxicillin for pediatrics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cor pulmonale

A

Longstanding pulmonary HTN resulting in RVH, right atria enlargement, R sides heart failure, cyanosis, peripheral edema

*high risk in chronic bronchitis, a fib, and multifocal atrial tachy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most common cause of transudative pleural effusions?

A

Congestive heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the 2nd most common cause of typical CAP?

A

H. Flu (green sputum)

*seen in patients with underlying pulmonary dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most common cause of atypical, walking pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

  • seen in young patients
  • bullous myringitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In what population will klebsiella pneumonia cause severe illness?

A

Alcoholics , aspirations

*current jelly sputum , cavitation lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MC viral pneumonia cause in infants/young kids

A

RSV and parainfluenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Typical pneumonia presentation

A

Fever, productive cough, Pluto this chest pain, rigors

-signs on consolidation such as increased fremitus, egophany, takes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Typical pneumonia organisms

A

S. Pneumonia
H. Flu
Klebsiella pneumonia
S. Aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Atypical pneumonia pathogens

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia (MC)
Chlamydia pneumonia
Legionella pnumophila
Virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Atypical pneumonia presentation

A

Slight fever, dry cough, myalgias, sore throat, headache

  • may ha e normal CXR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CAP inpatient treatment

A

Beta-Lactam + macrolide

Ceftriaxone+ azythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Add on treatment if legionella pneumonia suspected

A

Levofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Add on treatment if PCP suspected

A

Bacterium + corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Homan’s Sign

A

Calf pain with dorsiflexion, DVT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Classic triad of pulmonary embolus

A

1) dyspnea
2) pleuritic chest pain
3) hemoptysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sarcoidosis epidemiology

A

20-40y/o females of AA or Northern European decent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sarcoidosis pathophysiology

A

Exaggerated T cell response of unknown origin causing inflammatory non caseating granulomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

PFT findings in RESTRICTIVE lung dz

A
  • normal FEV1

- LOW lung volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Skin manifestations of sarcoidosis

A

1) erythema nodosum
2) lupus Pernio*PATHOPNEMONIC
(Violet raised discoloration of nose, ear, cheeks-resembles frostbite)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lab studies found in sarcoidosis

A

1) High ACE levels: secreted by the granulomas
2) hypercalciuria
3) eosinophilia
4) cutaneous anergy: diminished skin test reactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Classic presentation of Sarcoidosis

A

Respiratory s/s, blurred vision, erythema nodosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

PFT levels in OBSTRUCTIVE lung dz

A

LARGE lung volumes

-LOW FEV1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lofgren’s syndrome/triad

A

1) erythema nodosum
2) hilarious lymphadenopathy
3) polyarthralgias/fever

*common sarcoidosis presentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

CXR and bx findings of pulmonary fibrosis

A
  • diffuse reticular opacities
  • honeycombing
  • Ground glass opacities

*honeycombing on bx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Silicosis

A

Egg shell calcifications of the upper lung fields

27
Q

Coal workers pneumoconiosis CXR

A

small upper lobe modules with hyperinflation

*more an obstructive lung presentation

28
Q

Berylliosis

A

Beryllium found in aerospace equipment

Can be managed with steroids

29
Q

Byssinosis

A

Due to cotton exposure

-“Monday fever” : worse at the beginning of the week

30
Q

Asbestos

A

Found in construction yards. Does not present till 15/20 years later.

  • pleural plaques and honeycombing in the lower lung fields
  • high risk of bronchogenic carcinoma and malignant melanoma
31
Q

Physics exam findings in a pleural effusion

A

DECREASED tactile fremitus,
DECREASED breath sounds
DULLNESS to percussion

32
Q

Tension pneumothorax Physical exam

A

JVP, pulsus paradoxus, hypotension

33
Q

What defines a pulmonary module?

A

Lesion <3 cm

34
Q

Etiologies of pulmonary nodules

A

1) INFECTION: tb MC
2) TUMOR
3) INFLAMMATION: RA, sarcoidosis
4) MEDIASTINAL TUMOR: thymoma MC

35
Q

What does a bronchial carcinoid tumor look like on broncoscopy

A

Pink to purple well vascularized central tumor

36
Q

Management of carcinoid tumor

A

1) surgical removal

2) octreotide

37
Q

What is the MC cause of cancer deaths ?

A

Bronchiogenic carcinoma

38
Q

Where does lung cancer MET to?

A 
Brain
bone
Liver
Lymph 
Adrenals
39
Q

3 types on non small cell carcinoma

A

1) adenocarcinoma
2) squamous call
3) large cell

40
Q

Key features to non- small cell adenocarcinoma

A
  • MC type in nonsmokers and females
  • PERIPHERAL
  • presents with gynecomastia
  • surgical resection
41
Q

Key features to squamous cell carcinoma

A
  • CENTRALLY located
  • Cavitary lesions
  • hyperCalcemia
  • pancoast syndrome (tumor at the superior sulcus causing :
    1) shoulder pain
    2) horners syndrome
    3) atrophy of hand muscles
42
Q

Small cell carcinoma key features

A

1) SVC syndrome: dilated neck veins, facial plethora, prominent chest veins
2) SIADH(hyponatrimia)
3) Cushing syndrome
4) lambert Eaton syndrome (like MG but weakness improves with use)
* chemo is TOC no surgery

43
Q

At what pressure is pulmonary HTN diagnosed?

A

> 25mmHg

44
Q

Diagnosis and management of primary pulmonary hypertension

A

Right sided heart cath =GOLD standard

  • give calcium channel blockers *
45
Q

Anticholinergics used in COPD

A

Tiotropium (spiriva)
Ipratropium (Atrovent)

**these are preferred over SABA (albuterol). combo therapy also proves to better than monotherapy.

46
Q

What antibiotic would you give a COPD exacerbation patient as antibiotic prophylaxis due to it anti-inflammatory properties in the lung?

A

Azithromycin

47
Q

Large pericardial effusions (>250 ml) have what classic appearance on chest radiograph?

A

Large “water-bottle” cardiac silhouette with epicardial halo.

48
Q

What is a characteristic chest x-ray in a TB patient ?

A

CASEATING granulomas

  • reactivation typically occurs in the upper lobes
  • Primary typically occurs in the middle/upper lobes
49
Q

Two extra-pulmonary manifesttions associated with TB?

A

1) Potts dz (vertebral)

2) Scrofula (lymph nodes)

50
Q

TB treatment

A
  1. Rifampin
  2. Isoniazid
  3. Pyrazinamide
  4. Ethambutol
    * **continue for 6 months
51
Q

Major side effects of Rifampin

A

thrombocytopenia, orange colored secretions

52
Q

Major side effects of Isonizaid

A

peripheral neuropathy, Hepatitis

53
Q

Major side effects of Pyrazinamide

A

potosensitivity rash, hyperuricemia, hepatitis

54
Q

Major side effects of Ethambutol

A

Optic neuritis, peripheral neuropathy

55
Q

A high V/Q ratio is found in what dz?

A

emphasema; air is able to get into the lungs to problem (ventilation), but the alveoli are collapsed causing no perfusion

56
Q

A low V/Q ratio is found in what dz?

A

Chronic bronchitis; there is little ventilation due to the obstruction with good perfusion of the air that does make it there.

57
Q

Short Acting Beta Agonists used in asthma

A

albuterol & terbutaline

58
Q

2nd line therapy after SABA in a patient with mild persistent asthma

A

SABA + low dose ICS

  • Beclamethasone
  • flunisolide
  • triamcinolone
59
Q

Long Acting Beta Agonists used in COPD

A

Salmetorol

60
Q

Anticholinergics used in COPD/Asthma

A

Ipratropium (atrovent)

61
Q

Rapid relief drugs for COPD/Asthma exacerbation

A

1) SABA=albuterol ** best in Asthma

2) anticholinergics= atrovent ***best in COPD

62
Q

Steps to the treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension

A

1) is the pulmonary vasculature vasoreactive??

  • If YES, then CCB are the treatment of choice
  • If NO, then prostacyclin, PDE-5, vasodilators
63
Q

What is the treatment for a latent TB infection

A

INH+PRYRIDOXINE (it B6) for 9 months!! (12 months if HIV+)

64
Q

What do the pulmonary capillary wedge pressures look like in ARDS vs. cariogenic pulmonary edema

A 
ARDS= normal <18
cardiogenic = HIGH

PANCE REVIEW (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions