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PANCE REVIEW > Infectious Dz > Flashcards

Infectious Dz Flashcards

1
Q

What could cause a false positive reading on the TB PPD test?

A
  1. recent BCG vaccination

2. Anergy (sarcoid, HIV)

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2
Q

Reactivation TB typically occurs in which lobes

A

upper

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3
Q

What type of cough is found in pertussis ?

A

Whooping cough

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4
Q

Treatment of choice for pertussis

A

Macrolides, Erythromycin

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5
Q

Phases of pertussis

A

1) catarrhal phase: 1-2 weeks of URI like symptoms, this is when you are contagious and when ABX are effective
2) paroxysmal phase: whooping cough
3) convalescent

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6
Q

What abx fall into the penicillin class

A

penicillins, MSSA drugs, unasyn, zosyn

  • penicillins have good gram positive coverage
  • amoxicillin and ampicillin have gram positive AND gram negative

**unasyn and zosyn add on anaerobes

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7
Q

what class of antibiotic is the broadest

A

carbapenem

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8
Q

Types of candidiasis and their treatments

A
  1. esophagitis (MC) fluconazole
  2. thrush; nystatin
  3. vaginal; white curd-like discharge . miconazole, clotrimazole
  4. Intertrigo; diaper rash, topical clotrimazole
  5. Endocarditis; IV amphotercin B
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9
Q

What is the most common cause of fungal encephalitis?

A

cryptococcous

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10
Q

Treatment of cryptococcus

A

amphotercin B and flucytosine

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11
Q

Treatment of histoplasmosis

A

Itraconazole

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12
Q

Clinical distinguishing feature of pneumocystis

A

oxygen desaturation when ambulating, associated with high LDH levels

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13
Q

What organism is most likely to cause septic arthritis?

A

Gonorrhea

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14
Q

What organism is most likely to cause reactive arthritis

A

Chlamydia

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15
Q

Treatment differences in chlamydia and ghonarrhea?

A

Chlamydia= azithromycin+doxy

Gonorrhea=ceftriaxone + doxy

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16
Q

Presentation of diphtheria

A

friable grey/white pharynx that bleeds when scraped

*Bull neck

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17
Q

Diptheria treatment

A

antitoxin (horse serum)
+
Erythromycin / Penicillin

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18
Q

What is truisms?

A

Lock jaw that occurs with tetanus

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19
Q

treatment for tetanus

A

antitoxin
+
metronidazole

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20
Q

8 D’s of botulism

A

Diplopia, Dilated fixed pupils, dry mouth, dysphagia, dysarthria, dysphonia, descending decreased muscle strength

21
Q

3 stages of syphilis presentation

A

1) primary: painless chancre
2) secondary; (weeks to months later); macularpapular rash on palms and soles
3) tertiary; up to 20 years later
- GUMMA: noncancerous granulomas
- Neurosyphilis
- Argyl-Robertson pupil; small pupil that does not react to light
- Cardiovascular: Aortitis

22
Q

Screening tests for syphillis

A

RPR, VDRL

23
Q

Treatment for syphilis

A

Pen G

24
Q

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

A

Reaction to penicillin treatment.

Acute fever, myalgia, headaches due to rapid lysis of spirochetes

25
Q

How to diagnose Lyme dz

A

ELISA testing followed Western Blott

26
Q

PE of herpes

A

prodromal burning 24 hrs prior then painful vesicles on an erythematous base

27
Q

HSV treatment

A

Acyclovir

28
Q

Appearance of CMV on bx

A

Owls eye

29
Q

CMV treatment

A

Ganciclovir

30
Q

Manifestations of HSV

A
  1. chicken pox
  2. zoster
  3. Herpes Opthalmicus; trigeminal nerve (V), hutchington’s sign
  4. Herpes Oticus; Ramsey hunt syndrome, CN VII, otalgia, lesions on ear and TM
  5. Post herpetic neuralgia
31
Q

Presentation of rabies

A

prodromal burning and itching, CNS manifestations, respiratory muscle paralysis

32
Q

What is the treatment of choice for meningococcal meningitis?

A

Penicillin G

33
Q

Clinical manifestations of Lyme dz

A
  • erythema migrans, expanding warm bulls eye lesions
  • Crainal nerve VII palsy
  • AV block
  • rheumatologic arthritis
34
Q

Treatment for lyme disease

A

Doxycycline if over 8 years old

-amoxicillin if under 8 years old or pregnant

35
Q

What is the epstein-barr virus also known as?

A

Infectious Mononucleosis

36
Q

Clinical manifestations of EBV

A

1) fever
2) sore throat

3) posterior cervical lyphadenopathy
* *if given penicillin 5% will break out in rash!!!!

37
Q

A CD4 count below what number defines AIDS?

A

Below 200, or an AIDS defining illness present

38
Q

opportunistic infection when CD4 count reaches <200

A

PCP

39
Q

opportunistic infection when CD4 count reaches <150

A

Histoplasmosis

40
Q

opportunistic infection when CD4 count reaches <100

A

Toxoplasmosis

Cryptococcus

41
Q

opportunistic infection when CD4 count reaches <50

A

MAC

CMV retinitis

42
Q

HIV treatment options

A
  • NNRTI + 2 NRTIs
  • PI + 2 NRTIs
  • INSTI + 2 NRTIs
  • NNRTI= non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
  • NRTI= nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
  • PI= protease inhibitor
  • INSTI= integrase strand transfer inhibitor
43
Q

What is HIV?

A

Retrovirus that changes viral RNA to DNA via reverse transcriptase

44
Q

Shigella presentation

A

Explosive watery, mucoid, bloody diarrhea with punctate areas of ulceration on sigmoidoscopy

45
Q

Treatment of shigella

A

Fluids, Bactrim if severe

46
Q

Salmonella sources

A

Poultry (dairy, meat, eggs) exotic pets

*High risk in patients with sickle cell disease

47
Q

Presentation of salmonella gastroenteritis

A

abdominal pain, fever, mucus + bloody diarrhea

48
Q

Presentation of typhoid (enteric) fever

A
  • Salmonella typhi infection
  • headache, pharengytis, cough (cephalic phase)
  • Crampy abdominal pain with PEA SOUP STOOLS, intractable fever, bradycardia, ROSE SPOTS
49
Q

Salmonella treatment

A

fluids and floroquinolones if severe

PANCE REVIEW (15 decks)

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