Pulmonary Flashcards
Bronchophony
Transmitted voice sounds of spoken words are LOUDER and CLEARER
Egophony
Transmitted voice sounds of spoken “ee” are heard as “ay”
Whispered pectoriloquy
Transmitted voice sounds of whispered words are LOUDER and CLEARER
Vesicular
Duration of sounds?
Inspiration sounds last longer than expiratory ones
Bronchovesicular
Duration of sounds?
Inspiration and expiratory sounds are about equal
Bronchial
Duration of sounds?
Expiratory sounds last longer than inspiratory ones
Tracheal
Duration of sounds?
Inspiratory and expiratory sounds are about equal.
There is a gap in between
Crackles …aka ‘Rales’
Adventitious sound: 1 of 5
(Characteristics and etiology?)
Characteristics:
- intermittent
- discontinuous
- non musical
- heard at END of Inspiration
Etiology:
-from collapsed/ narrowed alveoli
—could contain fluid, pus secretions or edema
Wheezes
Adventitious sound: 1 of 5
(Characteristics and etiology?)
Characteristics:
- HIGH Pitched
- Continuous
- musical, whistling sound
- pronounced during expiration
Etiology:
-narrowed Bronchi
—Bronchoconstriction
Rhonchi
Adventitious sound: 1 of 5
(Characteristics and etiology?)
Characteristics:
- LOW Pitch with Snoring quality
- heard THROUGHOUT inspiration and expiration
- LOUDER than crackles due to larger secretions
Etiology:
- air bubbling past secretions
- secretions in large airways
Stridor
Adventitious sound: 1 of 5
(Characteristics and etiology?)
Characteristics: -HIGH pitched wheeze -entirely/predominantly inspiratory -can be LOUDER in the Neck ——ominous sign of obstruction in larynx or trachea
Etiology: -turbulent airflow through partially obstructed upper airway: ——supraglottis ——glottis ——subglottis ——trachea
Friction Rub
Adventitious sound 1 of 5
(Characteristics and etiology?)
Characteristics:
- creaky, leathery sound
- end of inspiration and beginning of expiration
Etiology:
-caused by rubbing of inflamed pleural surfaces against lung tissue
Atelectasis
Partial or complete collapse of the lung
“Fine” Crackles
Description
- High pitched, often
- very brief
- beginning of fluid buildup/ atelectasis
“Course” Crackles
Description
- lower pitch
- louder (in inspiration)
- greater volume of fluid buildup
- “Velcro being pulled apart”
Crackles
Clinical causes
- Pneumonia
- fibrosis
- early congestive heart failure
- bronchitis
- bronchiectasis
Wheezes
Clinical causes
—ASTHMA
—COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
—Bronchitis
Rhonchi
Clinical causes
- pneumonia
- bronchitis
- COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
Stridor
Clinical causes
- croup
- tonsillar abscess(quinsy)
- anaphylaxis
- epiglottitis
- laryngomalacia
- subglottic stenosis
- inhaled foreign body
- vascular ring
Friction Rub
Clinical causes
- pleural effusion
- pleuritis
Pleural space
What is the pressure?
Normally has negative 3-5cm H20 pressure
