Pulmonary Flashcards
What covers the surface of the lungs?
Visceral pleura
What are the three major divisions of the lungs?
Bronchi - Cartilaginous
Bronchioles - membranous
Alveoli
Alveoli
- Gas Exchange units
2. Lined by epithelial cells
What are the two types of epithelial cells?
Type I ➡️ gas exchange
Type II ➡️ surfactant
What is the diaphragm?
The muscle of inspiration
Controlled by the spinal nerve of C3, C4, C5
What controls the breathing?
Medulla
How many lobes are in the lungs?
3 lobes in right long, 2 lobes in left
What is compliance?
Ability to stretch when there is a change in volume and pressure
What affects compliance?
It is affected by surfactant and lung tissue elasticity
‼️⬇️ Surfactant = ⬇️ Compliance‼️
What is lung resistance?
Factors that cause less air to reach alveoli
What is lung resistance inversely related to?
Airway diameter
‼️airway radius is critical in infants and small children‼️
️airway resistance increases with:
Asthma CF BPD Bronchiolitis Resp secretions
Which provides more resistance?
ETT or Trach?
ETT
‼️️longer airway = greater resistance ‼️😁
As resistance increases
No volutrauma
⬇️ alveolar ventilation
Uneven distribution of ventilation
⬆️ barotrauma
