Pulmonary

Question 1

What is vital capacity?

Answer 1

Inspiratory capacity + expiratory reserve volume

Question 2

What is TLC defined?

Answer 2

VC + RV

Question 3

How does vital capacity change in pregnancy?

Answer 3

VC: 20% increase

Question 4

How does total lung capacity change in pregnancy?

Answer 4

TLC: 5% decrease

Question 5

How does functional residual capacity change in pregnancy?

Answer 5

FRC: 20% decrease (expanding uterus and increased abdominal pressure cause chest wall compliance to decrease, so FRC (ERV+RV) decreases

Question 6

How does inspiratory capacity change in pregnancy?

Answer 6

IC: 20% increase

Question 7

How does tidal volume change in pregnancy?

Answer 7

TV: 500->700mL = 40% increase due to respiratory stimulant properties of progesterone

Question 8

How does minute ventilation change in pregnancy?

Answer 8

MV: 7.5->10.5L/min = 40% increase due to increased tidal volume

Question 9

How does alveolar ventialtion change in pregnancy?

Answer 9

Alveolar ventilation: 40% increase

Question 10

How does expiratory reserve volume change in pregnancy in regards to ERV

Answer 10

ERV: 15% decrease

Question 11

How does residual volume change in pregnancy?

Answer 11

RV: 1200->1000mL =15% decrease

Question 12

How does respiratory rate change in pregnancy?

Answer 12

RR: unchanged

Question 13

How does PaCO2 change in pregnancy?

Answer 13

PaCO2: decreases from 40 to 32 mmHg; pH 7.44-mild respiratory alkalosis (CO2 production increases approx 30%, but diffusion capacity increases, and with alveolar hyperventilation, the pCO2 decreases)

Question 14

How is pulmonary hypertension defined in nonpregnant individuals?

Answer 14

Mean pulmonary pressure > 25 mmHg

Question 15

What medications are used for primary pulmonary hypertension?

Answer 15

Diuretics, supplemental oxygen, vasodilator drugs
Choices from 2009 exam: Labetalol, Viagra, Hydralazine, CCB)

Question 16

How do you calculate an A-a gradient?

Answer 16

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