Neonatology

Question 1

Incidence of CP when 5 min Apgar is </=3?

Answer 1

5.00%

Question 2

Incidence of CP when 20 min Apgar is </=3?

Answer 2

20.00%

Question 3

Four essential criteria to indicate hypoxia proximate to delivery severe enough to be associated w/ acute neuro injury:

Answer 3

1. Evidence of a metabolic acidosis in fetal umbilical cord arterial blood obtained at delivery (pH <7 and base deficit ~12 mmol/L)
2. Early onset of severe or moderate neonatal encephalopathy in infants born at 34 or more weeks of gestation
3. Cerebral palsy of the spastic quadriplegic or dyskinetic type
4. Exclusion of other identifiable etiologies, such as trauma, coagulation disorders, infectious conditions, or genetic disorders

Question 4

Four major categories of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage

Answer 4

Subdural hemorrhage
SAH
Intracerebellar
Periventricular-intraventicular hemorrhage

Question 5

What is the most common site for neonatal intracranial hemorrhage?

Answer 5

Subarachnoid. Other types = subdural

Question 6

What is the most common site for neonatal IVH?

Answer 6

80-90% germinal matrix

Question 7

What is the leading cause of periventricular leukomalacia?

Answer 7

a. Chorio
PVL = cystic areas deep in brain white matter that develop after hemorrhage or ischemic infarction (tissue ischemia -> regional necrosis)
PVL is more strongly linked to infection & inflammation than IVH.