Pulmonary

Question 1

What is the most deadly cancer related to the lungs?

Answer 1

Lung cancer

Question 2

What is the most common chronic disease of childhood?

Answer 2

Asthma

Question 3

What system connection can cause a cough due to post-nasal drip?

Answer 3

Respiratory system connected to the larynx

Question 4

How does GERD affect the lungs?

Answer 4

Causes acid burns that can lead to pulmonary symptoms

Question 5

What is dyspnea?

Answer 5

Awareness of shortness of breath

Question 6

List one environmental factor important in pulmonary health assessment.

Answer 6

Exposure to outside pollutants

Question 7

Name two structural pulmonary changes in the elderly.

Answer 7

Chest wall stiffening and decreased elastic recoil

Question 8

What is a ‘barrel chest’ a sign of?

Answer 8

Structural pulmonary change, commonly seen in COPD

Question 9

How do geriatric pulmonary defense mechanisms change?

Answer 9

All are decreased (cilia, cough, immunity)

Question 10

What are older adults at increased risk for due to decreased pulmonary defense?

Answer 10

Respiratory infections and aspiration

Question 11

How does respiratory control change with age?

Answer 11

Decreased response to hypoxemia and hypercapnia

Question 12

What is the main problem in obstructive lung disease?

Answer 12

Loss of elastic recoil - harder to get air out

Question 13

Name two examples of obstructive lung disease.

Answer 13

COPD, Emphysema

Question 14

What characterizes fibrotic lung disease?

Answer 14

Lungs become scarred and stiff

Question 15

What diagnostic test helps classify lung disease as obstructive or restrictive?

Answer 15

Pulmonary Function Test (PFT/Spirometry)

Question 16

What does the 6-minute walk test measure?

Answer 16

Distance, endurance, oxygen saturation with exertion, functional fitness

Question 17

What test is most helpful in an acute setting to assess acid-base balance?

Answer 17

ABG (Arterial Blood Gas)

Question 18

What chest x-ray view is preferred?

Answer 18

Posterior-Anterior (PA)

Question 19

Why would we take an anterior-posterior x-ray of the chest?

Answer 19

When the patient can’t travel for radiology, this can be done in the patients room while they are lying down.

Question 20

What do CT scans of the lungs allow you to see?

Answer 20

“slices” of the lungs at different levels

Question 21

What is the purpose of a bronchoscopy?

Answer 21

Diagnostic or therapeutic; can collect specimens

Question 22

Influenza vs the common cold: Symptom Onset

Answer 22

abrupt onset vs gradual onset

Question 23

Influenza vs the common cold: Aches and Pains

Answer 23

often severe myalgia vs mild

Question 23

Influenza vs the common cold: Fever

Answer 23

High (102-104) vs rare

Question 24

Influenza vs the common cold: Fatigue and weakness

Answer 24

Usual vs rare

Question 25

What is the gold standard for diagnosing influenza?

Answer 25

Viral culture (3-10 days for results)

Question 26

When should antiviral therapy for influenza be started?

Answer 26

Within 48 hours of onset

Question 27

What is lost in COPD leading to difficulty exhaling?

Answer 27

Elastic recoil

Question 28

What scale measures perceived shortness of breath?

Answer 28

Borg Dyspnea Scale (0-10) 0=nothing 10 = severe

Question 29

List three common asthma triggers.

Answer 29

Air pollutants, allergens, cold dry air

Question 30

What is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

Answer 30

Chronic, progressive inflammation leading to lung scarring

Question 31

How is tuberculosis spread?

Answer 31

It is contagious and airborne

Question 32

How is active TB different from latent TB?

Answer 32

Active TB has symptoms and is contagious; Latent TB has no symptoms and is not contagious

Question 33

List three risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Answer 33

Chronic lung disease, smoking, diabetes

Question 34

Name two hallmark symptoms of pneumonia.

Answer 34

Cough with colored mucus, fever and chills

Question 35

What hospital factors increases risk for pneumonia?

Answer 35

Mechanical ventilation, advanced age, immunocompromised, chronic lung disease

Question 36

List three possible sequelae of lung disease.

Answer 36

Right heart failure, malnutrition, anxiety/depression

Question 37

Influenza vs the common cold: Treatment

Answer 37

Antiviral given within 48 hours of onset vs decongestants