Bladder and Bowel

Question 1

Age-Related Changes in the GU System

Answer 1

Decreased bladder capacity, weakened pelvic muscles, reduced renal function, increased nocturia, higher risk of urinary retention or incontinence, enlarged prostate.

Question 2

Age-Related Changes in the GI System

Answer 2

Reduced saliva production, slower gastric emptying, decreased motility, weaker anal sphincter, increased risk of constipation and fecal incontinence.

Question 3

Bowel and bladder problems can have a huge impact on older adults _______.

Answer 3

Quality of life
“chained to the toilet”

Question 4

The male urethra is ___cm and the female urethra is ___cm.

Answer 4

23 vs 4

Question 5

A normal bladder excretes approximately how many liters of urine in 24 hours?

Answer 5

1.5 L

Question 6

Urinary Incontinence - Etiology

Answer 6

Weak pelvic muscles, hormonal changes, neurological disorders, BPH in men.

Question 7

Urinary Incontinence - Diagnosis

Answer 7

Urinalysis, post-void residual volume, bladder stress test, urodynamic studies.

Question 8

Urinary Incontinence - Risk Factors

Answer 8

Aging, obesity, childbirth, menopause, prostate issues, diuretics.

Question 9

Urinary Incontinence - Assessment Findings

Answer 9

Leakage, frequent urination, urgency, nocturia.

Question 10

Urinary Incontinence - Prevention

Answer 10

Pelvic floor exercises (Kegels), weight management, fluid management.

Question 11

Urinary Incontinence - Nursing Considerations

Answer 11

Bladder training, scheduled toileting, skin care, patient education.

Question 12

Overactive Bladder (OAB) - Etiology

Answer 12

Overactive detrusor muscle, nerve dysfunction, bladder irritation.

Question 13

Overactive Bladder (OAB) - Diagnosis

Answer 13

Bladder diary, urodynamic studies, post-void residual volume test.

Question 14

Overactive Bladder (OAB) - Risk Factors

Answer 14

Aging, neurological conditions (stroke, MS), bladder irritants (caffeine, alcohol).

Question 15

Overactive Bladder (OAB) - Assessment Findings

Answer 15

Urgency, frequency, nocturia, urge incontinence.

Question 16

Overactive Bladder (OAB) - Prevention

Answer 16

Avoid bladder irritants, maintain hydration, pelvic floor exercises.

Question 17

Overactive Bladder (OAB) - Nursing Considerations

Answer 17

Medications (anticholinergics, beta-3 agonists), bladder training, lifestyle modifications.

Question 18

Fecal Incontinence - Etiology

Answer 18

Weak anal sphincter, nerve damage, chronic diarrhea, rectal prolapse.

Question 19

Fecal Incontinence - Diagnosis

Answer 19

Digital rectal exam, anorectal manometry, MRI defecography.

Question 20

Fecal Incontinence - Risk Factors

Answer 20

Aging, chronic constipation, childbirth trauma, neurological disorders.

Question 21

Fecal Incontinence - Assessment Findings

Answer 21

Inability to control stool passage, urgency, soiling of underwear.

Question 22

Fecal Incontinence - Prevention

Answer 22

High-fiber diet, pelvic floor therapy, bowel training.

Question 23

Fecal Incontinence - Nursing Considerations

Answer 23

Skin care, bowel programs, use of absorbent products, psychological support.

Question 24

Constipation - Etiology

Answer 24

Slow GI motility, dehydration, low-fiber diet, medication side effects.

Question 25

Constipation - Diagnosis

Answer 25

Abdominal X-ray, colonoscopy, stool tests.

Question 26

Constipation - Risk Factors

Answer 26

Aging, low physical activity, low-fiber diet, opioids, chronic disease.

Question 27

Constipation - Assessment Findings

Answer 27

Hard stools, straining, bloating, incomplete evacuation.

Question 28

Constipation - Prevention

Answer 28

High-fiber diet, adequate fluid intake, regular exercise.

Question 29

Constipation - Nursing Considerations

Answer 29

Stool softeners, fiber supplements, monitoring bowel patterns, patient education.