Pulmonary (12%) Flashcards
What infectious organism most commonly causes PNA in an immunocompromised patient/a patient with structural abnormalities (i.e. cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis)?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa



On PE of a pt with pleural effusion, what should be observed with percussion?
Fremitus?
Breath sounds?
Dullness
Decreased
Decreased breath sounds
Are foreign body aspirations more common on the right or left side? Why?
Right side: due to wider, shorter, more vertical right mainstem bronchus
Position may also influence location
What are some examples of medications that can be used for long term/chronic control of asthma?
Which is the drug of choice?
Which is best for cold air/exercise?
Which is best for allergic rhinitis/ASA induced asthma?
Inhaled corticosteroids {drug of choice for long term, persistent}: Beclomethasone, Flunisolide, Triamcinolone
Longa Acting B2 Agonists (LABA) {bronchodilator}: Salmeterol, Formoterol
Mast Cell Modifiers {good for cold air and exercse}: Cromolyn, Nedocromil
Leukotrine modifiers/receptor antagonists (LTRA) {good for allergic rhinitis/ASA induced asthma}: Montelukast, Zafirlukast, Zileuton
Theophylline
______ is a risk factor for developing asthma
Atopy
What infectious orgnaism is most commonly responsible post-viral infxn (i.e. influenza) PNA?
Staphylococcus aureus
In regards to timeline/timeframe, what is the difference between hospital acquired vs community acquired PNA in a pt who is admitted?
If developed PNA within 48 hours of admission, PNA is CAP
If developed PNA >48 hours post-admission, the PNA is hospital acquired
What is the clinical course of IRDS with or without tx?
2-3 days
_____ ______ leads to decreased fat absorption which in turn leads to steatorrhea, bulky (pale/dark), foul-smelling stools, weight loss, and Vitamin ____, ____, _____, ____ deficiency in a patient with CF.
Pancreatic insufficiency
pale
A, D, E & K
What abx therapy is recommended as 1st line for patients with CAP, ICU?
Beta lactam + macrolide
OR
Beta lactam + Broad spectrum FQ
What is the mainstay of tx fro acute bronchiolitis?
Supportive, humidified O2 is the mainstay of tx
What is the recommended course of managment for CF?
Airway clearance tx with bronchodilators, mucolytics, abx, and decongestants
Pancreatic enzyme replacement and supplementation of fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E & K)
Lung and pancreatic transplantation
Immunizations: pneumococcal, influenza
What abx therapy is recommended as 1st line for patients with hospital acquired PNA?
Anti pseudomonal Beta Lactam and anti-pseudomonal AG or FQ
(Anti-Pseudomonal B-lactams: Piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn), Cefepime (Maxipime); lmipenem (Primaxin), Meropenem (Merrem), Ceftazidime)
+Vacomycin if suspect MRSA
Add Levofloxacin or Azithromycin if Legionella is suspected
Gastric aspiration of a foreign body may cause what condition?
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
What is Samter’s triad?
Asthma
Nasal Polyps
ASA/NSAID allergy

If a pt presents c/o fever, URI sx x1-2 days, and respiratory distress, what should be at the top of your DDx?
Acute bronchiolitis
Patients with CF are infertile ____% of the time
95%
In a pt with croup, what is seen on frontal cervical XR?
Steeple sign (subglottic narrowing of trachea), in 50% of pts

On PE of a pt with PNA, what should be observed with percussion?
Fremitus?
Breath sounds?
Dullness to percussion
Increased tactile fremitus
Bronchial breath sounds, EGOPHANY
What test is the single best predictor of dz in children w/ acute bronchiolitis?
Pulse ox (<96% admit to hospital)
What infectious organism should be suspected in a patient with PNA and comorbid HIV or was a recent transplant recipient?
CMV

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal (recessive/dominant) inherited d/o of defective Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Receptor (CFTR) protein, which prevents _______ transport (water movement out of the cell), which leads to buildup of thick, viscous, mucus in what organs?
CF is a(n) (restrictive/obstructive) lung disease and (endocrine/exocrine) gland dysfunction.
recessive
chloride
lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, and reproductive tracts
obstructive
exocrine (ex. pancreatic insufficiency)
What time of year is acute bronchiolitis most common in?
Fall and spring












