Pulm Pleural Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
What is pleural effusion?
A
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (more than 5ml)
2
Q
What are the types of pleural fluid?
A
1) transudate
2) exudate
3) empyema
4) hemothorax
3
Q
What is transudate?
A
- there are normal capillaries (there is NO inflammation) but hydrostatic pressure is increased b/c pressure from the heart failure backs up into the lungs and the pressure cxs the fluid to leak out into the pleural space
- also cxs decrease in oncotic pressure b/c there is pressure on the vessels
- chemistries will show lower than 0.5
- LDH will be lower than 0.6
4
Q
What is exudate?
A
- there is vasodialation b/c of inflammation so the vessels are bigger cxing BOTH fluid and proteins to get pushed out
- there is decreased lympathic clearance b/c of lymphatic obstruction
- chemistries will show higher than 0.5 b/c the cell contents are increased
- LDH will be higher than 0.6
5
Q
What is empyema?
A
infxn in the pleural space giving off PUS
6
Q
What is hemothorax?
A
bleeding into the pleural space
7
Q
What is Parapneumonic effusion?
A
exudates d/t bacterial pneumonia
8
Q
Labs for Pleural effusion?
A
- throacentesis (light’s criteral) to figure out if fluid is exudate or transudate
- CXR: displaced diaphragm
- US: lungs are “floating” b/c denser than water
9
Q
Labs for transudate?
A
-clear
10
Q
Labs for exudate?
A
-white
11
Q
Labs for hemothorax?
A
-bloody
12
Q
Tx for pleural effusion?
A
- Malignancy (exudate): refer
- Parapneumonic: supportive
- Hemothorax: drain
13
Q
What is pneumothorax?
A
accumulation of air in the pleural space
14
Q
What are the types of pneumothorax?
A
- spontaneous (primary and secondary)
- traumatic
- iatrogenic
- tension
15
Q
What is spontaneous primary pneumothorax?
A
- no lung dz before
- occurs in males 10-30 yo (d/t growth spurt / smoking)
- may have family hx
