Pulm pharm

Question 1

Histamine blockers: which receptor is blocked? primary use?

Answer 1

these block the H1 receptors. reversible. primarily used for allergies

Question 2

what are the first generation H1 blockers?

Answer 2

diphenhydramine. there are also two others (dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine). all have -en/ine or -en/-ate

Question 3

How are the first generation H1 blockers used? Toxicity?

Answer 3

used for motion sickness, allergy, sedation. these have anti-muscarininc, anti-alpha-aderenergic, and sedative side effects

Question 4

What are the second generation H1 blockers?

Answer 4

loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratidine, certirizine. names usually end in -adine.

Question 5

How are the second generation H1 blockers used? Toxicities?

Answer 5

these are used for allergy. they have less CNS access than the first H1 blockers and therefore cause fewer problems with sedation

Question 6

What are the expectorants?

Answer 6

guaifenesin, N-acetylcysteine

Question 7

guaifenesin use

Answer 7

this thins resp. secretions. it does NOT suppress cough

Question 8

N-acetylcysteine

Answer 8

this is a mucolytic that can loosen mucus plugs in CF pts. it is also used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose.

Question 9

Dextromethorphan

Answer 9

this is a synthetic analog of codeine. antitussive that antagonizes the NMDA gluatmate receptors. has some opioid activity when used in excess. it is a cough suppressent. mild abuse potential. treat overdoes with naloxone

Question 10

phenylephrine and pseudophedrine mechanism

Answer 10

sympathetic alpha agonist nonprescription nasal decongestants.

Question 11

phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine use and toxicity

Answer 11

used to reduce hyperemia, edema, and nasal congestion. they open obstructed eustachian tubes. pseudoephedrine is also used to make methamphetamine.
can cause HTN; pseudoephedrine casues CNS stimulation/anxiety.