nasopharynx and larynx Flashcards
What makes up a vocal cord nodule?
degenerative, myxoid connective tissue. this is a “wear and tear” problem
laryngeal papilloma: causes, presentation
usually caused by HPV 6 or 11 (low cancer risk)
seen as single papillomas in adults, but may be multiple in kids
Nasal polyps
usually secondary to repeated bouts of rhinitis, but can signify cystic fibrosis when seen in a child or ASA-intolerant asthma in an adult
angiofibroma definition and presentation
benign tumor of the nasal mucosa composed of large blood vessels and fibrous tissue. seen in teen males. may present with profuse epistaxis
acute epiglottis presentation
high fever, sore throat, drooling with dysphagia, muffled voice, and inspiratory stridor. there is a serious risk of acute obstruction
what is larnygotrachiobronchitis
inflammation of the upper airway, most commonly seen with parainfluenza. causes a hoarse, barking cough and inspiratory stridor
What are the most common superimposed bacterial sinus infections?
S. pneumo, H. influenza, and M. catarrhalis
How do you manage a DVT?
heparain for prevention and acute management; warfarin for long-term prophylaxis
What are the types of pulmonary emboli?
fat, air, thrombus, bacteria, amniotic fluid, tumor.
FAT BAT
What are the special characteristics of a pulmonary fat embolus?
associated with long bone fractures and liposuction. classic triad of hypoxemia, neurologic abnormalities, and a petechial rash.
What are some characteristics of an amniotic fluid emboli?
it can lead to DIC, esp. post-partum
What are some characteristics of a gas emboli? Treatment?
usually seen as nitrogen bubbls that precipitate in ascending divers. treat this with hyperbaric oxygen
What is the best test to look for a pulmonary embolus?
CT pulmonary angiography. look for filling defects.
