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Pulm: 3/28-3/31 > Pulm- pathoma > Flashcards

Pulm- pathoma Flashcards

1
Q

Kid with nasal polyps. Diagnosis?

A

cystic fibrosis

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2
Q

Adult with nasal polyps. Diagnosis?

A

aspirin intolerant asthma

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3
Q

Pathophysiology of aspirin intolerant asthma?

A

Aspirin -> inhibition of COX pathaway

Some people are sensitive to this aspirin action, leading to OVERSTIMULATION OF LEUKOTRIENES
-> bronchoconstriction

  • Goljan: ASA induced asthma is NOT hypersensitivity reaction!! It is due to chemical effect of ASA
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4
Q

Angiofibroma in nasal mucosa

  • what population is most commonly affected?
  • clinical presentation?
A
  • adolescent males

- massive epitaxis

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5
Q

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

  • What infection?
  • most commonly affected populations (2)
  • histologic finding
A
  • EBV
  • Chinese adults and African children
  • pleomorphic keratin positive epithelial cells
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6
Q

Laryngeal papilloma

  • What infection?
  • different presentations: kids vs. adults
A
  • HPV-6 and HPV-11

kids: multiple papillomas
adults; single papilloma

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7
Q

What are 4 types of pneumonia

A
  • lobar
  • bronchopneumonia
  • interstitial (atypical)
  • aspiration
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8
Q

What two infections are associated with lobar pneumonia?

A

Strep. pneumo

Klebsiella

  • For lobar pneumonia, only think about these two bugs
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9
Q

Strep. pneumoniae: what is this bug special?

A

most common community acquired pneumonia

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10
Q

Klebsiella: what is this bug special?

A

abscess: air fluid level lesion on chest x-ray

current jelly sputum

nocosomial pneumonia

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11
Q

S.Aureus: what is this bug special regarding pneumonia?

A

most common secondary pneumonia (superimposed infection with previous URI)

lung abscess

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12
Q

Cystic fibrosis: what type of pneumonia? what bug?

A

pseudomona

bronchopneumonia (not lobar)

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13
Q

Name 5 bugs that cause atypical pneumonia

A
  • mycoplasma
  • chlamydia
  • coxiella
  • RSV
  • CMV
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14
Q

RSV: what is this bug special?

A

most common atypical in neonates

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15
Q

CMV: what is this bug special regarding pneumonia?

A

transplant patients

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16
Q

Coxiella burnetii

  • potential buzzwords regarding occupation?
  • infection route?
  • special presentation?
  • what type of pneumonia?
  • what are three special features of this bug?
A
  • farmers or veterinarians
  • aerosol (coxiella spores in animal feces)
  • high fever (Q fever)
  • atypical pneumonia
  1. most common culture negative endocarditis
  2. NO RASH
  3. NO anthropod vector
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17
Q

Reid index: normal vs. chronic bronchitis

A

normal: <40%

chronic bronchitis: > 50%

18
Q

alpha-1- antitrypsin deficiency

  • what two organs should I think about? what does A1AT deficiency cause on these organs?
  • important histologic finding?
  • inheritance pattern?
A
  • liver and lung
    liver: cirrhosis (accumulation of misfolded A1AT)
    lung: panacinar emphysema
  • even though it is A1AT deficiency, somehow it is still expressed in liver (I don’t get it, but whatever)
  • liver biopsy: PAS postitive eosinophilic globules
  • codominant
19
Q

Patient breathing pursed lips. What disease is this?

A

emphysema

20
Q

Wheezing. What two diseases?

A
  • asthma

- chronic bronchitis

21
Q

List 5 causes of bronchiectasis

A
  • cystic fibrosis
  • Kartagener syndrome
  • Aspergilios
  • necrotizing infection
  • tumor or foreign body
22
Q

List 3 pulmonary status that may lead to cor pulmonale

A

Obstructive lung disease
Pneumoconioses
pulmonary HTN

  • hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction -> RV hypertrophy and failure
23
Q

Two complications of bronchiectasis?

A
  • cor pulmonale (just like other COPD)

- secondary amlyoidosis

24
Q

Two key histologic findings in asthma

A
  • Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic crystals

- Curschmann spirals: spiral shaped mucus plugs

25
Q

Which mediator mediates fibrosis in pulmonary fibrosis?

A

TGF-beta

26
Q

Explain why pneumoconioses are considered as restrictive lung disease

A

alveolar macrophage eats foreign materials and induce fibrosis

27
Q

Define anthracosis

A

urban dwellers breathing polluted air

carbon laden macrophage

28
Q

What is the only pneumoconiosis that has increased risk for TB? occupations of this pneumoconiosis?

A
  • silicosis

- sand blasting, foundries, slica mines

29
Q

Histologic finding in Berylliosis? Presents very similarly to what disease?

A

non- caseating granulomas in lung tissue and hilar lymph node

presents very similarly to sarcoidosis

30
Q

Histologic finding in Abestosis? What is it composed of?

A

abestosis body- dumbell shaped

31
Q

Sarcoidosis may mimic what autoimmune disease?

A

Sjogrens

32
Q

Histologic finding of pulmonary HTN? Describe how it looks like and why.

A

plexiform lesion- bundles of arteries

vascular remodeling

33
Q

What gene is associated with hereditary pulmonary HTN?

A

BMPR2

34
Q

What is treatment for ARDS? What does it do?

A

PEEP (positive end expiration pressure)

: leaving some pressure behind even at the end of expiration -> preventing alveolar collapse due to intralveolar hyaline

35
Q

Which two compounds in cigarette smoke is particularly mutagenic for lung cancer?

A
  • polycyclinc aromatic hydrocarbon

- arsenic

36
Q

Bronchial hamartoma

  • comprised of what two types of tissue?
  • imaging finding?
A
  • lung tissue and cartilage

- calcification

37
Q

Which lung cancer produces PTHrP?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

38
Q

Which lung cancer is associated with Eaton-Lambert syndrome?

A

small cell carcinoma

39
Q

Which lung cancer is most common in non-smokers?

A

adenocarcinoma

40
Q

Two histologic findings in squamous cell lung cancer?

A
  • keratin pearls

- intracellular bridges

41
Q

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma

  • subtype of which lung cancer
  • imaging finding
  • prognosis
A
  • adenocarcinoma
  • x ray: hazy infiltrate similar to pneumonia
  • good prognosis
42
Q

location of metastasized tumor that is unique to primary lung cancer?

A

adrenal gland

Pulm: 3/28-3/31 (6 decks)

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