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Physiology section 2 > Pulm. 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Pulm. 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the respiratory system? (other functions?)

A

gas exchange
-barrier function
-metabolic
host defense

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2
Q

what is the barrier function of resp. system?

A

mucocilliary clearance

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3
Q

What is the metabolic function of the resp. system?

A

angiotensin I, serotonin

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4
Q

what is the host defense of the rest. system?

A

immune functions

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5
Q

What are the steps of respiration?

A
  1. Exchange air in the lungs
  2. Exchange O2 & CO2 in the alveoli
  3. O2 & CO2 are transported in blood
  4. O2 & CO2 are exchanged in the cells
  5. Mitochondria consume O2 and produce CO2
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6
Q

Upper airway structures

A

Nose
Pharynx
Glottis
Vocal Cords

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7
Q

Lower airway structures

A

Trachea
Bronchial tree
Alveoli

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8
Q

Function of upper airway

A
  • filter
  • warm
  • humidify air
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9
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3 lobes

  • oblique
  • horizontal
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10
Q

What is the Functional Anatomic Unit of a lung?

A

bronchopulmonary segment

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11
Q

What is the basic Physiological Unit of a lung?

A

respiratory unit

  • respiratory bronchioles
  • alveoli
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12
Q

Effects of surface tension

A
  • resists being stretch
  • tends to reduce surface area
  • creates tendency to recoil after stretch
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13
Q

Where do bronchial veins lead?

A
  • 1/3 blood returns to the right heart

- 2/3 drains into pulmonary circulation

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14
Q

Bronchial arteries

A
  • from aorta to terminal branches
  • merges with pulmonary arteries and capillaries
  • 1-2% of cardiac output
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15
Q

Deposition of inhaled particles

A
  • Impaction in nasopharynx
  • Sedimentation in small airways
  • Diffusion in alveoli
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16
Q

Components of mucociliary clearance system

A
  • mucus layer
  • periciliary fluid
  • cilia
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17
Q

Volume of anatomical dead space

A

150 mL

18
Q

Volume of respiratory region

A

2.5 L - 3.5 L

surface area: 50 - 100 m2

19
Q

What stabilizes alveoli?

A
  • Surfuctant

- Interdependence

20
Q

What are the major muscles of inspiration?

A
  • Diaphragm

- External intercostal muscles

21
Q

What are the muscles of active expiration?

A
  • Internal intercostal muscles

- Abdominal muscles

22
Q

What are the accessory muscles and what are they used for?

A
  • forced inspiration
  • scalene
  • sternocleidomastoid
23
Q

What does the spirometer fail to measure?

A
  • residual volume
  • functional residual capacity
  • total lung capacity
24
Q

Lung Volumes

A
  • Tidal Volume
  • Inspiratory Reserve Volume
  • Expiratory Reserve Volume
  • Residual Volume
25
Q

Tidal Volume

A

Change in volume that occurs with cyclic breathing

26
Q

Inspiratory/Expiratory Reserve Volume

A

volumes that can be in/exhaled in addition to the tidal volume (ex.) during forced inspiration/expiration

27
Q

Residual Volume

A

the volume that remains in the lung even after forced expiration

28
Q

Inspiratory Capacity (Lung Volumes)

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Tidal Volume

29
Q

Functional Residual Capacity (Lung Volumes)

A

Expiratory reserve volume + Residual volume

30
Q

Vital Capacity (Lung Volumes)

A

Inspiratory / Expiratory reserve volume + Tidal Volume

31
Q

Total Lung Capacity( Lung Volumes)

A

Inspiratory / Expiratory reserve volume + Tidal Volume + Residual Volume

32
Q

Vital Capacity

A

the amount of air that can be moved from deep inspiration to deep expiration

33
Q

Function Residual Capacity

A

the volume of air in the lungs when all respiratory muscles are relaxed

34
Q

Inspiratory Capacity

A

The volume of air that can be inhaled after all respiratory muscles are relaxed (starting at FRC)

35
Q

Total Lung Capacity

A

total volume of air held by the lung. TLC includes alveolar and dead space volume and is scaled to the size of the person

36
Q

Forces that inflation must overcome

A
  • viscoelastic properties of the lung parenchyma by stretching elastic and collagen fiber matrices
  • surface tension forces set up between air/water interface on the alveolar epithelium
37
Q

Tidal Volume (the value)

A

500 mL

38
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (the value)

A

3000 mL

39
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume (the value)

A

1200 mL

40
Q

Residual Volume (the value)

A

1200 mL

Physiology section 2 (7 decks)

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