Public Sphere Theory

Question 1

What is the Public Sphere, according to Habermas?

Answer 1

A social space where people discuss public issues and influence democracy.

Question 2

What are the key features of an ideal public sphere?

Answer 2

Open to all (inclusive)
Status-free (no privilege in discussions)
Based on rational debate (not manipulation)

Question 3

What are counterpublics?

Answer 3

Marginalized groups that form their own public spheres to challenge dominant views.

Example: LGBTQ+ activism spaces.