public policies and Indigenous peoples health Flashcards
colonialism
policy or practice of acquiring full or partial control over another country, occupying it with settlers and exploiting it economically
ongoing system of power that perpetuates the genocide and repression of indigenous peoples and cultures
“I want to get rid of the Indian problem”
colonial policies and institutions in Canada (6)
Constitution Act (1867)
Indian act (1876)
relocation of Inuit communities
residential schools
sixties scoop
missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls
Indian Act (1876)
Gives control and management of reserve lands to federal government
- defined who is legally recognized as Indigenous
- limits the right to vote
–loss of self governance
* health and education under federal control
– limited economic and political participation of Indigenous people
– undermined role and status of women
– outlawed ceremonies and other cultural practices
*** Indigenous women who married non-indigenous man loses her status
relocation of Inuit communities
weren’t able to hunt anymore and lost ability to continue their traditional ways of living
residential schools
Indigenous children forced to go
run by Roman Catholic, Anglican churches
subjected to abuse
a method of “killing the Indian inside”
the sixties scoop
in one decade 1/3 of Indigenous children were taken from their families
child welfare agencies took children away from their families and were put into non-Indigenous homes
* loss of culture and devastating for the children and their families
how do Indigenous people in Canada access health care?
provincial/territorial health care systems
federal government
self-governance and community directed initiatives
Provincial/territorial Ind health care
physicians and hospitals
non indigenous specific health care centres
Indigenous programming and mainstream organizations
federal government Ind health care
Non-Insured Health Benefit (NIHB)
* status Indians receive this from government
* covers things that are not covered by the provincial plans like dental and transportation
– this Is why being status Indian is important
self governance and community-directed initiatives
on-reserve services and programs
urban Indigenous health centres
Barriers to accessing health and care for Indigenous people
Geography/remoteness
federal/provincial lack of clarity and bureaucratic disagreements
individual and structural racism
lack of culturally safe care
Jordan’s principle
put into place after boy had serious health problems and ended up spending his entire life in the hospital because government’s couldn’t decide who would pay for his care
- the principle requires the government to cover costs
research on racism and its effects
difficult to conduct research and likely underreporting because
* has to be self experiences of racism
* self-identification as Indigenous
several studies show high experiences of racism
effects of racism: research is spotty and cross-sectional, few standardized measurement instruments
more research is badly needed
cultural safety
cultural sensitivity and competence
* the service provider learning about culture of service users
cultural safety
* emphasizes colonial, historical, and sociopolitical contexts
* providers examine their own culture and lived experience
* explicit attention and action to address power relations
– improved health outcomes through cultural safety
racism, health, and health care: responses and interventions
- individual, family, and community strategies and resiliencies
- health care and service delivery
- health professional education and training
- policy responses specific to health and health care
- policy responses affecting health
– community food sharing, childcare
– mainstream to community led health care and delivery
