Public Health Quiz 2 Flashcards
Sleeping sickness
Modes of transmission- transmitted through the bloodstream from an infected fly
How is it screened- blood test and clinical examination
How do you prevent/treat it- NECT infusions
Ebola virus
Modes of transmission- Droplet transmission through blood and other bodily fluids
How is it screened- blood samples
How do you prevent/treat it- No cure; fluids, oxygen therapy, hospital care
Mad Cow Disease
Modes of transmission- ingestion of tainted beef
How is it screened- MRI and EEG or brain biopsy; extremely rare, so most die before being diagnosed
How do you prevent/treat it- No available cure; drugs to ease pain or walking devices
Allegories of Race and Racism
Life on the Conveyor Belt: Moving to Action
Dr. Camara Jones showed how to be actively anti-racist, first by acknowledging that racism exists, then by understanding how racism operates in this particular setting, and finally by organizing and strategizing with others to dismantle systematic racism.
Japanese Lanterns
Racial constructs color our imaginations of who we are; race is a social classification not a biological descriptor
Case Fatality Rate
of people who have died from that specific disease in that time period/# of people who have that specific disease in that time period)
Natality (birth) rate
of live births/estimated mid-year population
Morbidity (disease) rate
of cases/estimated mid-year population
Mortality (death) rate
of deaths/estimated mid-year population
Maternal Mortality rate
of maternal deaths/total # of live births
Incidence
of new cases of a disease in a certain time period/population at risk in the same time period
Prevalence
of new and old (total) cases in a certain time period/population at risk in the same time period
Attack
of new cases in a narrowly defined population during a certain time period/population at risk in the same time period
Epidemic
an unexpectedly large number of cases of disease in a particular population
Pandemic
an outbreak of disease over a wide geographical area, such as a continent
Endemic Diseases
a disease that can occur regularly in a population
Acute
Diseases whose peak severity of symptoms occur and subside within days or weeks
Chronic
Diseases that last 3 months or longer
Notifiable diseases
Infectious diseases that can become epidemic
Unnatural Causes… is equality making us sick? (Louisville documentary)
Excess death- above the usual # of deaths in a specific time period compared to the expected # of deaths in a specific time period
Low socio-economic status and low formal education lead to
Higher likelihood of developing chronic diseases
Greater disease severity
Poorer outcomes following disease
Stress
Fight or Flight response
Accumulates over time
Cortisol levels rise
Control is key
Premiums
regular periodic payments
Deductibles
money the beneficiary must pay before the insurance company begins to pay for covered services
Safety Net Programs (health insurance provided by the government)
Chip- targets low-income children ineligible for Medicaid; state/federal program
Veteran’s Health Administration
Indian Health Service
Medicare and Medicaid
Medicare
65 years and older
Disabled persons who are entitled to Social Security benefits
Administered by the Health Care Financing Administration
Funded through Social Security tax on wages
Hospital insurance, medical insurance, managed care plans, prescription drug plans
Medicaid
Health insurance program for low-income individuals
No age requirement
Eligibility determined by each state
Iron Triangle
Cost Containment
Equity
Access
Population Health
Quality
Value
Affordable Care Act
Make affordable health insurance available to more people
Medicaid expansion
Support innovative medical care delivery methods
Health insurance trends
GDP trends
1929- 3.9% of GDP spent on Healthcare
Medicare and Medicaid
Cost Containment
Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs)
More expensive
Larger network
More control
Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)
Less expensive
Smaller network
Less control
16% of GDP
ACA
19.7% of GDP
