Public health nutrition and individual choice

Question 1

Which cancer has convincing evidence for increased risk with poor food, nutrition?

Answer 1

Colon and rectal cancer

• Processed meat
• Alcoholic drinks
• Body fatness

Question 2

What is lynch syndrome?

Answer 2

Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer is thought to cause up to one in 25 bowel cancers

Question 3

Name some immediate problems of obesity?

Answer 3

Technical difficulties- surgical complications

DVT

Chest infection

Wound infection

Pressure ulcers

Question 4

Name some long term problems of obesity?

Answer 4

Dealing with a stoma

Chemotherapy

Recurrent cancer

Secondary primary cancer

Cardiovascular disease risk

Question 5

Name the sociological influences?

Answer 5

Gender
Age
Ethnicity
Socioeconomic status
Income
Eduction 
Marital status

Question 6

What are the Scottish dietary goals regarding fruit and veg?

Answer 6

Consume at least 400g varied fruit and veg a day

Question 7

What are the Scottish dietary goals regarding salt intake?

Answer 7

Reduce salt intake from around 9g to 6g/ day for adults

Question 8

What are the Scottish dietary goals regarding red and processed meat?

Answer 8

Reduce average intake of red and processed meat to 70g/day.

Question 9

What are the Scottish dietary goals regarding oily fish?

Answer 9

Increase intakes of oil-rich fish to one portion per person (140g)/ week

Question 10

What are the Scottish dietary goals regarding fibre?

Answer 10

Increase intake of dietary fibre to 30g/ day for adults.

Question 11

What are the Scottish dietary goals regarding % starchy carbohydrate intake?

Answer 11

Maintain intakes of starchy carbohydrates at 50% of total dietary energy.

Question 12

What life circumstances can influence dietary intake?

Answer 12

Employment
Unemployment
Housing Conditions
Education
Family circumstances
Area of residence

Question 13

What are the influences on individual dietary change?

Answer 13

Awareness
Access and availability
Acceptability
Affordability

Question 14

What has a minimal affect on dietary change when given alone?

Answer 14

Education

It must be attached to the right pricing, marketing and availability strategies

Question 15

What are the cultural influences upon dietary change?

Answer 15

Habit/familiarity
Resistance to change
Marketing

Question 16

What are the individual influencing factors on adherence to a gluten free diet?

Answer 16

Knowledge, understanding & information about CD and GF diet

Diet planning and preparation skills

Motivation

Stigmatisation and isolation

Symptoms

Question 17

What are the external influencing factors on adherence to a gluten free diet?

Answer 17

Health professional’s & society’s knowledge about CD and GF diet

Cost, availability and choice of GF option

Food labelling

Presribed GFF

Taste of GF foods

Social support

Question 18

What does absence of natural teeth result in?

Answer 18

Restricted range of food by their perceived ability to chew

Question 19

What is the role of the doctor in dietary change?

Answer 19

> advocacy role

> Signpost

> Brief Intervention

• -assessment
• -obesity is a risk factor for many disorders
• -Nutrition is important (the doc says!)

> Provide written advice

> Refer to ? Dietitian or other health professionals for guidance

Question 20

What are the key categories in designing an effective individualised dietary intervention?

Answer 20

Identification of high risk groups

Personal contact

Social support

Goal setting, self-monitoring

Personalisation and feedback based on action

Question 21

What are the 5As?

Answer 21

Ask
Assess
Advise
Agree
Assist