Public health introduction to hematological diseases

Question 1

Describe the burden of haematological diseases, globally, regionally and nationally

Answer 1

In the Global burden ranking number 1: Ischaemic heart disease followed by stroke

Africa: LRI followed bt Hiv and Aids

SA: Communicable, maternal, prenatal, and nutritional conditions followed by CVS diseases

Question 2

Discuss the determinants of haematological diseases

Answer 2

Determinants of HD are divided into three

1. Non-modifiable risk factors eg age, sex, genetics (eg sickle cell anemia), and ethnicity
2. Behavioral risk factors eh immunocompromised
3. Physiological risk factors eg infections, toxins, medication, and deficiencies

Question 3

Identify the preventable causes of hematological disease

Answer 3

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Question 4

Explain the levels of prevention of hematological diseases

Answer 4

1. Primordial eg social
2. Primary: susceptible (Health promotion ) eg diet, exercise, alcohol, tobacco, and increasing awareness
3. Secondary : Asymptomatic (screening ) eg Hemoglobin ,WBC ,platelets ,peripheral blood smear ,cellular morphology
4. Tertiary: Symptomatic eg treatment, adherence, and rehabilitation

Question 5

Services of SANBS

Answer 5

• Provision of blood and blood products
• Clinical services such as haemovigilance and training
• Specialized services eg molecular research and development
• Proficiency testing programs

Question 6

Who uses blood products

Answer 6

• cancer patients
• childbirth
• emergency situations eg natural disasters and trauma situations

In SA blood shortage occurs most often during holidays

Question 7

Requirements to be a blood donar

Answer 7

• Between 16 and 65 yrs ,for first time donars
• weigh >/= 50kg
• low risk life style
• Blood safety for transfusion
• ate a balanced 4 hours before meal before donation

Question 8

Requirements to be a blood donor

Answer 8

• Between 16 and 65 yrs , for first time donors
• weigh >/= 50kg
• low-risk lifestyle
• Blood safety for transfusion
• Have not donated blood in 56 days and platelet in the last 14 days
• BP below 180 /100 and above 100 /60
• Your haemoglobin level is 12,5 g/dl or above
• ate a balanced 4 hours before meal before donation

Question 9

Requirements to be a blood donor

Answer 9

• Between 16 and 65 yrs , for first-time donors
• weigh >/= 50kg
• low-risk lifestyle
• Blood safety for transfusion
• Have not donated blood in 56 days and platelet in the last 14 days
• BP below 180 /100 and above 100 /60
• Your haemoglobin level is 12,5 g/dl or above
• ate a balanced 4 hours before meal before donation