Public Health & Globalization Flashcards
is the last stage of HIV infection. People with it are increasingly more susceptible to catching life-threatening infections and diseases because the AIDS virus attack their immune systems. The AIDS virus is transmitted through bodily fluids.
AIDS
A condition, usually caused by inadequate dietary iron, in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, hemoglobin, or total volume.
Anemia
The application of statistics to biology, medicine, nursing, and other health-related professions.
Biostatistics
known as “mad cow” disease, is a disease of cattle first identified in 1986. Some people, worried about a link between BSE and the human disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), have lost confidence in beef throughout much of Europe. In March 1996 the European Union introduced a ban on the export of any UK beef and beef products. This has had a very serious impact on the entire beef sector and has resulted in financial hardship for farmers and for those engaged in related businesses.
BSE
Disease that spread between agents, such as human-to-human transmission (e.g., the cold or AIDS), or animal-human transmission (e.g., rabies, malaria). These differ from diseases that self-generate in the body, such as cancers
Communicable Diseases
The exclusive legal right to reproduce, publish, and sell the matter and form (as of a literacy, musical, or artistic work (Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary).
Copyright
The cause or causes of an abnormal condition or disease
Etiology
are organisms (virus, bacterium, or more complex life-form) whose genetic makeup has been altered by humans for a specific purpose.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
Changing the genetic make-up of an organism using molecular techniques. This includes introducing one or more genes from unrelated species.
Genetic Engineering
Place names
Geographical Indications
damages cells in the immune system that defend the body against infections and disease. Over time, a person’s immune system become more damaged and the person is less able to fight off infections; this process can take months or years. The final stage of HIV is the development of AIDS.
HIV
The earliest identified occurrence of a disease or disorder, usually as part of an epidemiological investigation of a patient population.
Index Case
The bodily system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, special deposits of lymphoid tissue (as in the gastrointestinal tract and bone marrow), lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and the antibodies (Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary)
Immune system
The number of times an event occurs in s given time, e.g. The number of new cases of malaria in a calendar year.
Incidence
The aesthetic or ornamental aspects, such as shape, pattern, or color, of a useful commercial article
Industrial Designs
The complexes of electronic components and their connections that are produced in or on a small slice of material (as silicon)
Integrated Circuits
Pieces of information that have economic value in the marketplace. Types of intellectual property include copyrights, patients, trade secrets, and industrial designs.
Intellectual Property
A human disease that is caused by sporozoan parasites in the red blood cells. Malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes, and is characterized by periodic attacks of chills and fever. Worldwide, malaria kills 3,000 people a day
Malaria
Poor or insufficient nutrition. Malnutrition results when a person either eats too little to get all of his or her needed calories, vitamins, and minerals in a day, or eat foods that do job t provide these basic nutritional needs.
Malnutrition
Any undesirable or unwanted consequence of a preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic procedure or regimen.
Adverse Reaction
A legal monopoly to an inventor for a set number of years granting the inventor the exclusive right to make, use, or sell his or her invention.
Patents
The total number of specific conditions in existence in a defined population at a precise point in time, e.g.,mother number of cases of TB recorded so far in a specific country
Prevalence
A prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease; the likelihood of the recovery from a disease
Prognosis
A practice where farmers change their genetic make-up of plants and animals by breeding plants and animals that exhibit particular, desirable traits in hopes of producing offspring that also produce these traits
Selective breeding
This refers to the development of systems to detect, monitor, and track the appearance of new diseases and the spread of existing ones
Surveillance
A device (such as a word) pointing distinctly to the origin or ownership of merchandise to which it is applied and legally reserved to the exclusive use of the owner as marker or seller. (Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary).
Trademark
Confidential business information
Trade secrets
is a highly contagious, airborne disease that can damage a person’s lungs and cause serious illness. Every year 25,000 Americans catch TB; worldwide, 2 million people die from TB each year
Tuberculosis
