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World Health Research > Immunity and Disease Terms > Flashcards

Immunity and Disease Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammatory response that protects body against infection

A

2nd line of defense

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2
Q

Immune response in which antibodies take action against foreign cells

A

3rd line of defense

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3
Q

Immunity to disease from either exposure to a pathogen or vaccination

A

Active immunity

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4
Q

Any substance that causes an allergic reaction

A

Allergens

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5
Q

A protein produced by B-cells in response to the presence of an antigen (bacterium or virus)

A

Antibodies

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6
Q

A protein on the surface is a pathogen that stimulates the production of antibodies

A

Antigens

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7
Q

A chronic disease which occurs when the body fails to recognize its own “self” tissue and launches an attack, causing repeated inflammation

A

Autoimmune disease

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8
Q

A type of white blood cell that forms in the bone marrow and creates antibodies in response to specific antigens

A

B-cells

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9
Q

Single-celled, often parasitic microbes without distinct nuclei; cause a variety of infections

A

Bacteria

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10
Q

A soft reddish substance inside flat bones that is involves in the production of blood cells

A

Bone marrow

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11
Q

Surface proteins on cells that distinguish them as “self “ or “non-self”

A

Cell markers

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12
Q

A group of proteins that assist antibodies in the fight against pathogens

A

Complement system

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13
Q

Body temperature that is abnormally high, usually caused by bacterial or viral infections

A

Fever

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14
Q

Overall activity of the body’s immune system following the arrival of a disease-causing agent

A

Immune response

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15
Q

A combination of cells and organs that defend the body against attaches from foreign substances and agents

A

Immune system

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16
Q

The body’s ability to resist a particular disease, whether existing naturally or as the result of a vaccination or previous infection

A

Immunity

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17
Q

proteins that act like antibodies and are produced by white blood cells during an immune response

A

Immunoglobulins

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18
Q

(Latin: “inflammation” - to set on fire) the process by which the buddy responds to invasion by harmful organisms or substances. During this time, the body attempts to wall of or contain the invasion at the point of entry. Blood flow to the area increases. White blood cells move in and attempts to ingest and disable the invader

A

Inflammatory response

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19
Q

A complex protein that is produced in response to attack by a virus

A

Interferon

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20
Q

Blood proteins that help inflammation, blood pressure control, coagulation, and pain

A

Kinins

21
Q

Burst

A

Lyse

22
Q

The fluid-like plasma in blood that contains the lymphocytes of the immune system

A

Lymph

23
Q

Small, bean-shaped structures strung along the lymph vessels that store cells, and fight infection and disease

A

Lymph nodes

24
Q

The network of vessels that transport lymph all over the body

A

Lymph vessels

25
Q

Small white blood cells that are major components of the immune system; the main types are T- and B-lymphocytes

A

Lymphocytes

26
Q

Large white blood cells present in the blood, lymph, and connective tissues; remove waste, harmful microbes, and foreign material

A

Macrophages

27
Q

B-cells that live longer, thus “ remember” specific antigens responded to in the past

A

Memory B-cells

28
Q

An organism too small to be seen with the naked eye. Bacteria, protozoans, viruses, microscopic algae, and some types of fungi.

A

Microbe (microorganism)

29
Q

A type of cytotoxic leukocyte; plays a major role in the rejection of tumors and cells infected by viruses. The cells kill by releasing cytoplasmic granules of proteins that cause the target cell to die by bursting or necrosis

A

Natural cell killers

30
Q

Antibodies passed from maternal blood to fetal blood or through the colostrum from baby’s first breastfeeding

A

Natural maternal immunity

31
Q

An animal or plant that lives in or on a host (another animal or plant); it obtains nourishment from the host without benefiting the host

A

Parasite

32
Q

Worm-like organisms that love and feed off living hosts, receiving nourishment and protection while disrupting their hosts’ nutrient absorption, and causing weakness and disease; unlike external parasites such as lice and fleas, they live unused their host

A

Parasitic worms (herminthes)

33
Q

Immunity form disease acquired by the transfer of antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus through the placenta

A

Passive immunity

34
Q

Microbes that can cause disease (viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites)

A

Pathogens

35
Q

White blood cell that engulf and ingest foreign particles, cellular debris, and microbes

A

Phagocytes

36
Q

The process of engulfing and ingesting microbes and cellular debris

A

Phagocytosis

37
Q

Large B-cells that have been exposed to antigens, and produce and secrete large amounts of antibodies which assist in destruction of microbes by binding to them making them easier targets for phagocytes

A

Plasma cells

38
Q

The bone marrow and thymus (where lymphocytes develop)

A

Primary lymphoid organs

39
Q

A vascular, ductless organ tucked under the diaphragm and protected by the ribs on the upper left abdomen; it is a reservoir of blood that removes old red blood cells and help fight infection

A

Spleen

40
Q

“Generic” cells that have the ability to produce specialized cells for various tissues in the body, such as heart muscle, brain tissues, liver tissue, ect.

A

Stem cells

41
Q

White look cells, derived from the thymus, that are involved in rejecting foreign tissue, etc.

A

T-cells

42
Q

A mass of glanced tissue (lymphoid organ) found in the upper chest under the sternum; concerned with the protection of functional T-lymphocytes in the infancy and childhood

A

Thymus

43
Q

A substance given off by activated with blood cells that can cause the death of tumors cells; plays a role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis

A

Tumor necrosis factor

44
Q

Inoculation; a form of immunization in which dead or weakens microorganism safe placed into the body, where antibodies against them are developed

A

Vaccination

45
Q

A cellular infectious agents that cannot grow or reproduce outside of living cells; invade living cells and use their chemicals machinery to keep themselves alive and replicate

A

Virus

46
Q

Physical defense to protect the body against pathogens (skin, tears, mucous membranes

A

1st line of defense

47
Q

Hormones released during immune response which enhance the function of leukocytes

A

Lymphokines

48
Q

The spleen and lymph nodes (where immune response occur)

A

Secondary lymphoid organs

World Health Research (3 decks)

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