Public Health (Gastrointestinal) Flashcards
What cancers can obesity increase the risk of?
Oesophageal cancer, stomach cancer and colorectal cancer.
What could causecancer in the endometrium and breast?
Hyperoestrogenaemia from aromatase.
What could cause cancer in the pancreas, kidneys and colorectum?
Inflammation and other growth factors.
What could be causing oesophageal and gallbladder cancer?
Tissue damage from acid reflux and tissue damage from gallstones.
At what age do levels of obesity decline?
From 75 years onwards.
What syndrome gives people an increased risk of colorectal cancer, especially if they are overweight?
Lynch syndrome
What are the factors in the Dahlgren and Whitehead model that cause eating behaviour?
Age, sex and hereditary factors, individual lifestyle factors, social and community influences, living and working conditions, general socioeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions.
What are the sociological influences on eating behaviour?
Gender, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, income, education, marital status.
What is the max amount of red and processed meat that someone should be eating per day?
70g.
How much oil rich fish should someone be eating per week?
One potion (140g).
What percentage of total dietary energy should free sugars make up?
5%.
How much dietary fibre should people consume per day?
30g.
What are the determinants of food choice in low income households that means they often eat unhealthily?
Fewer car owners, poorer housing (food storage and prep), less education, unemployment (less money), lower social class of father (poor food habits cross generations).
How much of an effect does education have on dietary change?
Minimal.
What are the immediate symptoms and long term complications of poor adherence with a gluten free diet?
Immediate symptoms: steatorrhea, abdominal pain, lethargy.
Long term complications: osteoporosis, infertility.
What are the individual factors that can affect adherence to a gluten free diet?
Knowledge, understanding and info about CD and GF diet. Diet planning and preparation skills. Motivation. Stigmatisation and isolation. Symptoms.
What are the external factors that can affect adherence to a gluten free diet?
Health professional’s and society’s knowledge about CD and GF diet. Cost, availability and choice of GFF. Food labelling. Prescribed GFF, taste of GFF, social support (membership of society).
What makes it difficult for someone to change their diet?
- Positive reinforcers exist in the habits that require to be changed.
- New behaviours may have initial adverse effects on well-being.
- Threat of disease less salient than immediate enjoyment.
- Lack of positive feedback from improvements in symptoms.
What can a doctor do to help people to change their lifestyle?
Signpost, brief intervention, provide written advice, refer to dietitian or other health professionals for guidance.
