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Gastrointestinal > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What parts of the oral cavity and pharynx are covered by respiratory epithelium?

A

Oral cavity, oropharynx and layrngopharynx.

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2
Q

What parts of the oral cavity and pharynx are covered with respiratory epithelium?

A

Nasal cavity and nasopharynx.

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3
Q

How does the ventral and dorsal surfaces of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue differ?

A

Both have stratified squamous epithelium, thin on ventral surface, thick and with papillae on dorsal surface.

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4
Q

What are the only papillae on the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?

A

Circumvallate papillae.

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5
Q

What does the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue have in the submucosa?

A

Substantial lymphoid aggregates.

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6
Q

Describe the histology of the gastro-oesophageal junction.

A

Abrupt transition from stratified squamous epithelium of oesophagus to the columnar epithelium of the cardia of the stomach.

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7
Q

What are at the bottom of the gastric pits?

A

Gastric glands.

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8
Q

What lines the gastric pits?

A

Surface mucous cells.

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9
Q

What are the regions of the gastric gland going down?

A

Pit -> isthmus -> neck -> base.

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10
Q

What cells do each of these regions contain?

A

Isthmus - parietal. Neck - mucous cells and stem cells. Base - chief cells, few parietal cells and enteroendocrine cells (neuroendocrine cells).

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11
Q

Describe the mucosa of the cardia.

A

Deep gastric pits that branch into loosely packed, tortuous glands.

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12
Q

Describe the mucosa of the body.

A

Shallow gastric pits with long straight gastric glands.

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13
Q

Describe the mucosa of the pylorus.

A

Deep gastric pits with branched, coiled gastric glands at higher density than in the cardia.

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14
Q

Where is the extra layer of the stomach muscularis externa?

A

Internal to the circular layer.

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15
Q

What is the orientation of the muscle fibres of the extra layer of stomach muscle and what is its function?

A

Oblique, aids the churning action of the stomach.

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16
Q

What layer of muscle is thickened at the gastroduodenal junction and why?

A

Inner, circular layer. Forms the pyloric sphincter.

17
Q

What are the crypts called in the small intestine?

A

Crypts of Lieberkuhn.

18
Q

What glands does the duodenum contain in the submucosa?

A

Brunner’s glands.

19
Q

What part of the small intestine has the tallest villi?

A

Jejunum.

20
Q

What are the folds on the jejunum called and what layers are they made up of?

A

Plicae circulares. Mucosa and submucosa.

21
Q

What is the lymphoid tissue present in the submucosa of the ileum?

A

Peyer’s patches.

22
Q

What are the cells in the small intestine epithelium?

A

Eneterocytes, goblet cells, paneth cells, enteroendocrine cells, stem cells.

23
Q

Where are paneth cells found and what do they do?

A

Found at the base of the crypts of Lieberkuhn, defensive function and regulate bacterial flora (secrete lysozyme and defensins).

24
Q

What are the hormones secreted from enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine?

A

Gastrin, cholecystokinin (CKK), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).

25
Q

Where are the stem cells in the small intestine found?

A

The base of the crypts of Lieberkuhn.

26
Q

What do Brunner’s glands secrete?

A

A thin, alkaline mucous to neutralise the chyme.

27
Q

What are the 2 principle types of cells in the large intestine?

A

Absorptive cells, goblet cells.

28
Q

How far do the crypts of the large intestine go down?

A

To the muscularis mucosae.

29
Q

How is the longitudinal smooth muscle of the large intestine arranged?

A

In 3 muscular strips called teniae coli.

30
Q

What are the differences between the structures of the appendix and the rest of the colon?

A

Crypts are far less abundant in appendix, has a circular arrangement of lymphoid tissue in the submucosa and often the lamina propria (declines with age).

31
Q

Where does the mucosa turn back into stratified squamous epithelium?

A

At the rectoanal junction.

32
Q

What are the 2 plexuses of the enteric nervous system?

A

Myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus.

Gastrointestinal (26 decks)

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