Public Health facts

Question 1

What year did the cholera outbreak occur?

Answer 1

1831

Question 2

Who became interested in sanitation problems in 1832?

Answer 2

Chadwick

Question 3

What did Chadwick believe would improve health?

Answer 3

Drainage and ventilation

Question 4

What did Robert Baker’s report reveal about Leeds?

Answer 4

19 streets didn’t have sewers

Question 5

In what year did Snow encounter cholera for the first time?

Answer 5

1832

Question 6

What significant act was passed in 1834 regarding the poor?

Answer 6

Poor Law Amendment Act

Question 7

What was the stigma associated with the Poor Law Amendment Act?

Answer 7

Poor people could only receive help if they went to a workhouse

Question 8

What years did cholera outbreaks occur in the 1830s?

Answer 8

1837 and 1838

Question 9

What attitude prevailed in the 1840s regarding public health?

Answer 9

Laissez Faire attitude

Question 10

What did Chadwick publish in 1842?

Answer 10

‘The Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population’

Question 11

What was established by the Public Health Act of 1848?

Answer 11

Work of Chadwick and response to cholera outbreak

Question 12

What were common issues in the 1850s?

Answer 12

Bad food, no access to doctors, diseases, laissez faire attitude, bad home and working conditions

Question 13

What vaccine became compulsory in 1852?

Answer 13

Smallpox vaccine

Question 14

What happened to the Board of Health in 1854?

Answer 14

It was disbanded

Question 15

What did John Snow prove in 1854?

Answer 15

The link between water and cholera through statistical mapping

Question 16

What event occurred in 1858 that highlighted sanitation issues?

Answer 16

The Great Stink

Question 17

What act was passed in 1858 regarding sewage?

Answer 17

Act of Parliament for Bazalgette’s sewers

Question 18

When did the construction of sewers begin?

Answer 18

1859

Question 19

What theory did Pasteur publish in 1861?

Answer 19

Germ Theory

Question 20

What did the Sanitary Act of 1866 establish?

Answer 20

Employment of medical inspectors to check water supply and drainage

Question 21

What was the impact of cholera outbreaks on public health improvements?

Answer 21

Least effects town making improvement in public health

Question 22

What significant change occurred in 1867 regarding voting?

Answer 22

Working class men got the vote

Question 23

What was mandated for local authorities in 1870?

Answer 23

Every local authority had to set up schools

Question 24

What act was passed in 1871 regarding vaccinations?

Answer 24

Mandatory Smallpox vaccines

Question 25

How many councils had a Medical Officer of Health by 1872?

Answer 25

50 councils

Question 26

When was Bazalgette's sewer completed?

Answer 26

1875

Question 27

What did the Public Health Act of 1875 ensure?

Answer 27

Clean water, proper rubbish and sewage disposal, safe food

Question 28

What did the Artisans Dwelling Act allow?

Answer 28

Power to demolish slum housing

Question 29

What did the Food and Drug Act address?

Answer 29

Regulation of food and drug safety

Question 30

What did the River Pollution Prevention Act of 1876 make illegal?

Answer 30

Factories putting waste and chemicals into rivers

Question 31

What trend began in 1881 regarding infant mortality?

Answer 31

Started to increase

Question 32

What did the Infectious Disease (Notification) Act of 1889 require?

Answer 32

Households in London had to report infectious diseases to Medical Health Officer

Question 33

What significant change occurred in the 1890s regarding government attitude?

Answer 33

Start of the end of 'Laissez-faire' attitude

Question 34

What hospital opened in 1897 to cope with infectious diseases?

Answer 34

Park hospital

Question 35

What did the national Infectious Disease (Notification) Act of 1899 require?

Answer 35

Households had to report infectious diseases to Medical Health Officer

Question 36

What was the state of public services in the 1900s?

Answer 36

Water, lighting, and paving were in the hands of private companies

Question 37

What was the poverty rate according to Rowntree's 1901 study?

Answer 37

30% living under the poverty line

Question 38

What reforms were introduced between 1906-1911?

Answer 38

Liberal Reforms

Question 39

What did the Liberals promise in the 1906 general election?

Answer 39

Change

Question 40

How many children received Free School Meals in 1906?

Answer 40

158,000 children

Question 41

What did the Free School Medical Inspections of 1907 provide?

Answer 41

Free compulsory medical check-ups

Question 42

What did the Children and Young Person Act of 1908 establish?

Answer 42

Children became protected by law

Question 43

What was introduced in 1908 regarding old age pensions?

Answer 43

Old Age Pension Act

Question 44

What benefits did the Old Age Pension Act provide?

Answer 44

5s a week for those over 70, 7s 6d for a married couple

Question 45

What did the National Insurance Act 1 of 1911 provide?

Answer 45

Sickness benefits of 10s for 13 weeks

Question 46

What did National Insurance Act 2 of 1911 provide for the unemployed?

Answer 46

Benefits (dole) of 7s 6d a week

Question 47

What was established in 1912 to provide medical treatment?

Answer 47

School Clinics

Question 48

What was the state of unemployment in the 1930s?

Answer 48

High unemployment, not covered by National Insurance

Question 49

What did the Beveridge Report of 1942 address?

Answer 49

Five giants: squalor, want, disease, idleness, ignorance

Question 50

What significant event occurred in 1945?

Answer 50

Labour won the general election

Question 51

What did the National Insurance Act of 1946 provide?

Answer 51

Old age pension, maternity benefits, and payments to the sick and unemployed

Question 52

What was established in 1948?

Answer 52

NHS

Question 53

How many prescriptions were provided by the NHS in 1948-49?

Answer 53

187,000,000 prescriptions