Public Health/critical numbers Flashcards
Biochemical/chemical/hormonal stress symptoms
Metabolic changes due to stress – endorphin levels altered
Physiological signs of stress
shallow breathing; Raised blood pressure; Increase in acid production in the stomach
Emotional signs of stress
Mood swings; Tearful; Irritable; Aggressive; Apathetic
Cognitive signs of stress
Negative thoughts; Loss of concentration
Behavioural signs of stress
increased absenteeism, smoking, and/or alcohol consumption; increased/decreased food consumption; sleep disturbance
Positive Affect Type of emotional response
Negative Affect Type of emotional response
- positive feeling Social Similar to behavioural – social relationships; participation in activities/work
- negative feeling
Primary Prevention
Prevention of disease in people who have not been diagnosed as having the disease, includes health promotion.
High risk approach to prevention
Targeting of health promotion and disease prevention at groups based on information from epidemiological studies, for example, Chlamydia screening for people age 15-24.
Population approach
Aims to lower the level of risk in the population, includes health promotion.
Tertiary Prevention
Aims to reduce the impact of the disease and promote quality of life through active rehabilitation.
The prevention paradox
A preventive measure which brings much benefit to the population, may offer little to each participating individual. E.g. salt reduction versus treatment for high blood pressure.
Absolute risk
The probability (risk) of an event (or of developing a disease) within a stated time period.
Relative risk
The probability (risk) of an event (or of developing a disease) relative to exposure.
Ecological Observational/Descriptive;
uses routine data from populations, looks at prevalence, trends and correlation.
Cross-sectional Observational/Analytical;
uses information from individuals, to update or supply prevalence data.
