Public Health Approach

Question 1

evidence based public health

Answer 1

development, implementation, and evaluation of effective programs and policies in public health through application of principles of scientific reasoning

Question 2

Public health approach to solving health problems (questions to ask)

Answer 2

What is the problem
What is the cause
What interventions work
How do you implement interventions

Question 3

Epidemiology

Answer 3

study of disease distribution & determinants

Question 4

Fundamental assumptions about human disease

Answer 4

• does not occur at random
• not evenly distributed in populations
• must understand person place and time

Question 5

Epidemiology connects ____, _____, and _____

Answer 5

Host, Environment, Agent

Question 6

epidemic

Answer 6

disease occurrence among a population that 
is in excess of what is expected in a given time and place.

Question 7

cluster

Answer 7

group of cases in a specific time and place that might be more than expected.

Question 8

endemic

Answer 8

disease or condition present among a population at all times.

Question 9

pandemic

Answer 9

disease that spreads across regions

Question 10

rate

Answer 10

number of cases occurring during a specific period; always dependent on the size of the population during that period.

Question 11

risk factor

Answer 11

Any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.

Question 12

time sequence

Answer 12

exposure must precede the disease

Question 13

prevention/control

Answer 13

methods used to eliminate /modify cause decrease disease incidence; altering cause alters the effect

Question 14

strength of association

Answer 14

exposure more common in diseased individuals

Question 15

consistency

Answer 15

same variable, factors, or events have same repeated association with disease

Question 16

biologic gradient

Answer 16

longer exposure to cause=greater likelihood of getting disease

Question 17

prevention effectiveness

Answer 17

assessment of the
impact of public health policies,
programs, and practices on health
outcomes by determining their
effectiveness, safety, and costs.

Question 18

impact evaluation

Answer 18

assesses the changes that can be attributed to a
particular intervention, intended and unintended

Question 19

outcome evaluation

Answer 19

assess the effect of
the intervention on the health issue of interest

Question 20

cost benefit analysis

Answer 20

evaluates multiple options and compares among sectors

Question 21

formative

Answer 21

conducted in development or improvement of program

Question 22

summative

Answer 22

evaluation based on efficacy of program after established