interventions and behavior changes

Question 1

primary prevention

Answer 1

prevents an illness
or injury from occurring at all.
 occurs prior to exposure to prevent
onset

Question 2

secondary prevention

Answer 2

minimizes severity
of the disease or injury once it
has occurred

Question 3

tertiary prevention

Answer 3

minimizes disability by
providing medical care and
rehabilitation services

Question 4

Health impact pyramid

Answer 4

counseling/education
medical care
preventative care
making healthy decisions the default
socioeconomic factors

Question 5

changing environment

Answer 5

more effective than trying to change individual behavior
changes focus from blaming the victim

Question 6

regulation

Answer 6

restrain people from harming
others.: policy, law or
institutional sanction

Question 7

education

Answer 7

informs about healthy
and unhealthy behavior.

Question 8

health impact pyramid in order from lowest to highest health impact

Answer 8

1. counseling/education
2. medical care
3. preventative medicine
4. making healthy decisions default
5. socioeconomic factors

Question 9

Socioecological Model from smallest to biggest impact

Answer 9

individual
interpersonal
institutions/orgs
community
policy

Question 10

Can health behavior be changed?

Answer 10

• yes but not all are equally easy to change

Question 11

Which behaviors are easier to change?

Answer 11

those that can be substituted for a similar, convenient, acceptable behavior
those with incentives

Question 12

Which behaviors are harder to change?

Answer 12

Those with physiological or addictive element
Those with socioeconomic barriers

Question 13

example of easy to change behavior

Answer 13

cough into elbow and not hand

Question 14

example of hard to change behavior

Answer 14

poor nutrition, binge drinking, drug use

Question 15

Knowledge- belief- value- attitude example

Answer 15

Ex. avoiding skin cancer

Know- excess sun causes skin cancer, tanning beds/UV lights as well

Belief- if you don’t burn you are not at risk

Attitude- Tan skin looks better than pale, so i want to tan

Value- If I value health more than looks, I will not tan excessively, might switch to spray or self tan

Question 16

3 parts of values

Answer 16

Choosing, Prizing, Acting
think of tulane kids in mask picture

Question 17

choosing

Answer 17

free options that have alternatives, considers consequences of each option

Question 18

Prizing

Answer 18

Being happy with choice, publicly affirming it

Question 19

Acting

Answer 19

Doing something to show value, repeating it in life pattern

Question 20

Theory

Answer 20

Tool to for understanding health infliences
Explains how or why something happens
Developed over time

Question 21

Model

Answer 21

represents theory
framework for design

patch precede proceed

Question 22

Intrapersonal models

Answer 22

Individual characteristics explain/ predict behavior

Question 23

Interpersonal influence

Answer 23

relationships between people

Question 24

population/community

Answer 24

factors within social structures

Question 25

Health Belief Model

Answer 25

Intrapersonal
People more likely to take action if they think they are susceptible to condition, have ability to perform action, and believe taking action would benefit them

Question 26

Theory of Planned Behavior

Answer 26

Intrapersonal
Intentions influenced by attitudes, beliefs, social norms

Question 27

Social Cognitive Theory

Answer 27

Interpersonal
Changing behavior requires understanding of personal, social, physical environment

Question 28

Stages of Change

Answer 28

behavior changes happens through 5 steps

Question 29

reciprocal determinism

Answer 29

person’s behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment

Question 30

Self efficacy

Answer 30

belief in one’s ability to take action

Question 31

observational learning

Answer 31

learning by watching others

Question 32

expectations

Answer 32

a behavior’s likely outcome

Question 33

Expectancies

Answer 33

value placed on behavior’s outcome

Question 34

emotional arousal

Answer 34

emotional reaction to situation

Question 35

behavioral capability

Answer 35

knowledge and skills needed to engage behavior

Question 36

reinforcement

Answer 36

reward/punishment for behavior

Question 37

locus of control

Answer 37

belief regarding one’s personal power over events

Question 38

precontemplation

Answer 38

no intention of taking action within months
Ex. not seeing problem

Question 39

contemplation

Answer 39

intends to take action within months
Ex. I want to stop feeling _____

Question 40

preparation

Answer 40

intends to take action in next few weeks
Ex. getting gym membership to stat going

Question 41

Action

Answer 41

Has changed behavior for less than few months
Ex. Starting an exercise routine

Question 42

Maintenence

Answer 42

Change behavior for more than few months
Ex. exercise now part of one’s lifestyle

Question 43

Diffusion of Innovation

Answer 43

How new ideas are adopted in population
Affected by innovation and adopter

Question 44

early adopters

Answer 44

those seeking to experiment with new ideas

Question 45

early majority adopters

Answer 45

opinion leaders whose social status influences others to adopt behavior

Question 46

late adopters

Answer 46

need support and encouragement to adopt innovation

Question 47

Social marketing for behavior change examples

Answer 47

Truth campaign
Verb campaign
Everytown