interventions and behavior changes Flashcards
primary prevention
prevents an illness
or injury from occurring at all.
occurs prior to exposure to prevent
onset
secondary prevention
minimizes severity
of the disease or injury once it
has occurred
tertiary prevention
minimizes disability by
providing medical care and
rehabilitation services
Health impact pyramid
counseling/education
medical care
preventative care
making healthy decisions the default
socioeconomic factors
changing environment
more effective than trying to change individual behavior
changes focus from blaming the victim
regulation
restrain people from harming
others.: policy, law or
institutional sanction
education
informs about healthy
and unhealthy behavior.
health impact pyramid in order from lowest to highest health impact
- counseling/education
- medical care
- preventative medicine
- making healthy decisions default
- socioeconomic factors
Socioecological Model from smallest to biggest impact
individual
interpersonal
institutions/orgs
community
policy
Can health behavior be changed?
- yes but not all are equally easy to change
Which behaviors are easier to change?
those that can be substituted for a similar, convenient, acceptable behavior
those with incentives
Which behaviors are harder to change?
Those with physiological or addictive element
Those with socioeconomic barriers
example of easy to change behavior
cough into elbow and not hand
example of hard to change behavior
poor nutrition, binge drinking, drug use
Knowledge- belief- value- attitude example
Ex. avoiding skin cancer
Know- excess sun causes skin cancer, tanning beds/UV lights as well
Belief- if you don’t burn you are not at risk
Attitude- Tan skin looks better than pale, so i want to tan
Value- If I value health more than looks, I will not tan excessively, might switch to spray or self tan
3 parts of values
Choosing, Prizing, Acting
think of tulane kids in mask picture
choosing
free options that have alternatives, considers consequences of each option
Prizing
Being happy with choice, publicly affirming it
Acting
Doing something to show value, repeating it in life pattern
Theory
Tool to for understanding health infliences
Explains how or why something happens
Developed over time
Model
represents theory
framework for design
patch precede proceed
Intrapersonal models
Individual characteristics explain/ predict behavior
Interpersonal influence
relationships between people
population/community
factors within social structures
Health Belief Model
Intrapersonal
People more likely to take action if they think they are susceptible to condition, have ability to perform action, and believe taking action would benefit them
Theory of Planned Behavior
Intrapersonal
Intentions influenced by attitudes, beliefs, social norms
Social Cognitive Theory
Interpersonal
Changing behavior requires understanding of personal, social, physical environment
Stages of Change
behavior changes happens through 5 steps
reciprocal determinism
person’s behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment
Self efficacy
belief in one’s ability to take action
observational learning
learning by watching others
expectations
a behavior’s likely outcome
Expectancies
value placed on behavior’s outcome
emotional arousal
emotional reaction to situation
behavioral capability
knowledge and skills needed to engage behavior
reinforcement
reward/punishment for behavior
locus of control
belief regarding one’s personal power over events
precontemplation
no intention of taking action within months
Ex. not seeing problem
contemplation
intends to take action within months
Ex. I want to stop feeling _____
preparation
intends to take action in next few weeks
Ex. getting gym membership to stat going
Action
Has changed behavior for less than few months
Ex. Starting an exercise routine
Maintenence
Change behavior for more than few months
Ex. exercise now part of one’s lifestyle
Diffusion of Innovation
How new ideas are adopted in population
Affected by innovation and adopter
early adopters
those seeking to experiment with new ideas
early majority adopters
opinion leaders whose social status influences others to adopt behavior
late adopters
need support and encouragement to adopt innovation
Social marketing for behavior change examples
Truth campaign
Verb campaign
Everytown
