Public Health Flashcards
What are aims of public health
Prevent disease
Promote health
Prolong life
Health surveillance
What does public health look at
Population orientated
Physical, psychological and social well being
What are wider social determinants
Education
Housing
Employment
Lifestyle
What underpins
Epidemiology
What is healthcare services
Ensuring quality of provision and access of healthcare
What does it involve and how
Assess effectiveness, efficiency and acceptability
Epidemiological approach.
What is health protection
Prevent transmission of infectious disease
Ensure safety of general environment
Deal with outbreaks
What is health promotion
Enable people to increase control
Health education
Reduce social inequality
Wider NHS - local government / private sector
3 aims of public health
Healthcare services
Health protection
Health promotion
How is NHS made up / control
Government
14 territorial board - give data to ISD
Special boards
Public Health Scotland
What are special boards
Drive national policies given to all health board e.g. Health protection Scotland Healthcare improvement Scotland NES
What is epidemiological healthcare needs assessment
Decide how to organise and run NHS to improve health of population
What is inverse care law
Those in greater need are less likely to receive
What is need, demand and supply
Need - ability to benefit
Demand - services people use
Supply - what is provided
What is key elements
Incidence and prevalence
Effectiveness - RCT and other studies
Current service provision to know what needs to be changed
What is health economics
Decide which healthcare services to provide based on financial services available
What is economic efficiency
Maximisation from fixed resources
What are QALY
Quality Adjusted Life Years
- How Rx improves quantity and quality of life
- Rate between 0-1
What can you then do
Cost per QALY
What are considered acceptable for money
If cost per QALY under 20-30 grand
How else can you assess
Comparative - contrast services
Corporate - based on partnerships / collaboration and listening to views of patient and local people
What is issue with healthcare needs assessment
Inadequate info on incidence / prevalence
Inadequate info on effectiveness
Complex patient pathway through NHS
No agreement on threshold for intervention
Political / medial pressure
Broader community issues impact on health
How do we collect health information
Population census data
Birth and deaths (vital events)
Morbidity
Why is it important to get
Plan health services and other public services
Wha data is recorded every 10 years
Sex and DOB Marital status Family size Country of birth Employment Housing details - post code for deprivation Car ownership
What are issues
Under coverage of children / homeless
Accuracy
Population changes
What is Carstairs deprivation
Uses
- 1+ person in a room
- No car
- Male unemployment
- Low social class
Lower score = more affluent
What is Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation
Data from a wider range of sources
Used to target policies to greatest need
Divide Scotland into data zone
Lower score = more deprived
What domains
Health Geographic access to services Employment and income Housing and crime Education, skills and training
When are births recorded
Within 6 weeks
How are deaths recorded
Qualified informant, doctor and local registry involved
Info should be accurate but age, occupation or specific cause can be inaccurate
What type of morbidity data is there
Notfiable disease Hospital activity data Disease registers Specific survey Primary care data
What are notifiable disease
Report to health protection team in NHS board
What is hospital activity data
All discharges and care received
What are disease registers
Specific diseases e.g. cancer
Can monitor change in incidence and survival
What does primary care data look at
GP consultation
Prescribing
Practice size
Quality and Outcomes Framework
What is a CHI
Register with all Scottish residents registered with a GP
