Public Health Flashcards
What is the “Definition” of Public Health?
The art and science of preventing disease, promoting health, and prolonging life through organised efforts of society.
What is Public Health?
Interventions aimed at protecting and promoting the health of a population.
Describe Immunisation.
- Prevention of disease.
- Direct and Indirect protection. (Herd Immunity).
Why is Immunisation important?
- Uptake rates crucial.
- Communicable disease major killer in developing countries.
- Many millions of deaths are preventable.
- Political/Economical barriers.
How do we deal with Outbreaks?
- Surveillance.
- Sharing information.
- Emergency response plans.
- Vaccines.
- Treatments.
- Communication.
What are Screening Programmes used for?
- Pick up disease before symptoms present.
- Identify risk factors.
- Identify high-risk groups.
- Give preventative treatment.
- Intervene early.
- Reduce Morbidity and Mortality.
What does Public Health aim to do about outbreaks and disease?
- Educate people.
- Regulate threats.
- Prevent risk and disease.
How can we Educate People?
- Programmes in Schools.
- TV.
- Press Advertising.
How can we Regulate Threats?
- Reduction of fat in food.
- Seat belts in cars.
- Smoking bans.
How can we Prevent Risk and Disease?
- Prescribing statins to lower cholesterol.
- Healthy Living advice.
- Screening programmes.
A different approach?
- Social Prescribing. (not just drugs)
- Healthy Living Initiatives.
- Cultural Health and Wellbeing.
Who is most affected by changes in food prices?
- Low-income groups.
We need to think of population in terms of?
- Nutrition and Health.
- Environment and Ecology.
- Economy and Food supply.
- Society and Ethics.
How can we reduce Green House Gas Emissions GHGE?
- Reduce waste.
- Technological approaches.
- Behavioural approaches.
Define Food Insecurity.
- Restricted access to nutrient dense foods.
Describe Over-Consumption.
- High volumes of foods that are high in energy but low in other nutrients.
What are the consequences of Under-nutrition.
- Decreased cognitive development and economic productivity.
- Increased susceptibility to Acute morbidity, Chronic diseases and Mortality.
What UK Populations are at Risk?
Availability, Access, Affordability
- Low income.
- Dependent on others.
- Ethnic minorities.
- Psycho-social problems.
- Fad diets.
Why does the population have an increased risk of Obesity.
- More cheap, palatable and energy dense food.
- Increased distribution.
- Increased persuasive and pervasive marketing.
What are some of the Medical consequences of obesity?
- Stroke.
- Coronary heart disease.
- Diabetes.
- Cancer.
Risks associated with maternal obesity.
- First trimester and recurrent miscarriage.
- Infant birth defects.
- Stillbirth.
- Neonatal death.
Describe dietary needs in infancy.
Energy and Essential Nutrients to:
- Maintain growth and development.
- Replace losses.
- Permit metabolic functions.
- Develop immunity.
How long does WHO recommend Breast feeding for?
- First 6 months of life.
Too early or inappropriate weaning will impact on?
- Faltering growth.
- Infection.
- Poorer gut development.
- Eczema/allergy.
- Obesity.
