Public health

Question 1

the modes of prevention in the epidemiological triangle are;

Answer 1

vector, environment and host

Question 2

primary prevention

Answer 2

to stop a disease before it starts eg vaccination

Question 3

secondary prevention

Answer 3

to stop a disease from being as bad as it could be eg screening programmes, BCG vaccination

Question 4

tertiary prevention

Answer 4

to stop later complications from developing eg cardiac/stroke rehab programmes

Question 5

epidemiology

Answer 5

study of frequency, distribution and determinants of disease in populations

Question 6

endemic

Answer 6

occurs naturally in a population (one area)

Question 7

epidemic

Answer 7

outbreak of unexpected size (more than one area/country)

Question 8

pandemic

Answer 8

global distribution of disease (multicontinent epidemic)

Question 9

morbidity

Answer 9

rate of disease in a population

Question 10

mortality calculation

Answer 10

number of deaths / population at risk x 1000

Question 11

crude death rate

Answer 11

mortality for a whole population (associated with life expectancy)

Question 12

mortality

Answer 12

how many people die that have the disease

Question 13

standardisation

Answer 13

comparison of groups within a population with different age/sex

Question 14

incidence

Answer 14

probability of occurrence of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period of time

Question 15

incidence calculation

Answer 15

number of NEW cases of a disease occurring in a population during a specific period of time DIVIDED BY number of persons exposed to risk of developing the disease during that period of time x 1000

Question 16

prevalence

Answer 16

proportion of people affected by a disease in a population

Question 17

prevalence calculation

Answer 17

number of cases of a disease present in a population at a specific point in time DIVIDED BY number of persons at risk of having disease at that point in time x 1000

Question 18

inequalities in health

Answer 18

gender, ethnicity, income

Question 19

biomedical model

Answer 19

The body as a “machine” does not take into account the patient themselves (how they are feeling, social and behavioural causes of the disease etc)

Question 20

bio-psychosocial model

Answer 20

biomedical model + patients feelings

Question 21

yield

Answer 21

number of previously undiagnosed cases picked up by a screening test or programme

Question 22

what is the human rights act 1998

Answer 22

everyone has the right to have their private life respected (the right to confidentiality)

Question 23

which act states ‘personal information gathered must be for the stated purpose and must be secure’ (and year)

Answer 23

data protection act 1998

Question 24

what is a caldicott guardian

Answer 24

senior person responsible for protecting confidentiality of a patient