Public health Flashcards
the modes of prevention in the epidemiological triangle are;
vector, environment and host
primary prevention
to stop a disease before it starts eg vaccination
secondary prevention
to stop a disease from being as bad as it could be eg screening programmes, BCG vaccination
tertiary prevention
to stop later complications from developing eg cardiac/stroke rehab programmes
epidemiology
study of frequency, distribution and determinants of disease in populations
endemic
occurs naturally in a population (one area)
epidemic
outbreak of unexpected size (more than one area/country)
pandemic
global distribution of disease (multicontinent epidemic)
morbidity
rate of disease in a population
mortality calculation
number of deaths / population at risk x 1000
crude death rate
mortality for a whole population (associated with life expectancy)
mortality
how many people die that have the disease
standardisation
comparison of groups within a population with different age/sex
incidence
probability of occurrence of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period of time
incidence calculation
number of NEW cases of a disease occurring in a population during a specific period of time DIVIDED BY number of persons exposed to risk of developing the disease during that period of time x 1000