Public Health Flashcards
A primary hospital planned to hire health professionals for the vacant positions. The human resource department
announced the jobs through newspapers and many health professionals applied for the positions. Then, the
responsible hiring committee screened the documents of the applicants based on pre-set criteria. The committee
also investigated the background of those applicants who met the required criteria. Which human resource
management function has been addressed by the committee in this case?
O a. Job Induction
O b. Recruitment
O c Selection
• d. Performance evaluation
The correct answer is:
c. Selection
Explanation:
The process described involves screening applicants based on pre-set criteria and investigating their backgrounds, which is part of the selection process in human resource management.
1. Recruitment refers to attracting and encouraging people to apply for jobs (e.g., through newspaper announcements).
2. Selection involves assessing, screening, and choosing the best-qualified candidates from the pool of applicants.
3. Job Induction refers to the process of orienting and integrating newly hired employees into the organization.
4. Performance Evaluation focuses on assessing the work performance of employees after they have been hired and are on the job.
Since the committee is focused on screening and investigating applicants to make hiring decisions, the activity is part of the selection function.
A primary hospital hired a new director about six months ago. He is upset by the fact that immediately after leaving
the main office in the morning, nurses congregate at a local coffee house. He called the head nurse to his office and
made it clear that this “socializing during working hours” must end. The nurse told the director that she believes that
the nurses” informal conversations over morning coffee are vital to her unit’s high performance. The director was not
at all convinced and he is set in his opinion because he does not want the nurse to win over him. The head nurse
accepted his decision and informed her colleagues to stop gathering in the coffee house. What is the most likely
conflict management style used by the new director?
• a. Collaboration
• b. Compromise
© c . Competition
• d . Avoidance
The most likely conflict management style used by the new director is:
c. Competition
Explanation:
The director demonstrates a competitive conflict management style, which is characterized by:
1. Focus on winning:
• The director is determined to enforce his decision and does not consider the head nurse’s perspective about the potential benefits of informal conversations.
2. Lack of collaboration or compromise:
• Instead of discussing or finding a middle ground, the director imposes his authority to ensure his decision is followed.
3. Assertiveness over cooperation:
• The director prioritizes his opinion and authority over fostering teamwork or mutual understanding.
Other Options:
• a. Collaboration:
• Involves working together to find a mutually beneficial solution. This was not the case here, as the director dismissed the head nurse’s perspective without dialogue.
• b. Compromise:
• Requires both parties to make concessions. The director did not seek or offer any compromises.
• d. Avoidance:
• Involves ignoring or sidestepping the conflict. The director directly addressed the issue with a firm decision, which does not reflect avoidance.
Conclusion:
The director’s approach is best described as competition, where he seeks to assert his authority to resolve the conflict without considering alternative viewpoints or solutions.
A community health team planned to give health education activities in a district. The team prioritizes different health
problems based o n whichever problems could be manageable with the available resources. What is the most likely
criterion of problem prioritization used in the scenario?
• a. Community concerni
• b. Severity
• c. Magnitude
• d. Feasibility
The most likely criterion of problem prioritization used in this scenario is:
d. Feasibility
Explanation:
The health education team is prioritizing problems based on their manageability with available resources, which directly relates to the feasibility of addressing the problem. Feasibility considers factors such as:
• Availability of resources (financial, human, material).
• Capacity of the health team to address the problem.
• Achievability of the intervention within existing constraints.
Other options:
• a. Community concern:
• Focuses on the issues that are most important to the community. However, this is not the criterion being emphasized in this scenario.
• b. Severity:
• Refers to the seriousness or impact of the problem (e.g., mortality or morbidity). While important, it is not the main focus here.
• c. Magnitude:
• Relates to the prevalence or number of people affected by the problem. This is not mentioned as the basis for prioritization in the scenario.
Conclusion:
The prioritization criterion in this case is based on feasibility, as the team is focusing on problems that can be managed effectively with the resources they have.
During supervision, a director o f a new primary hospital identified that nurses working in an postetrics and
gynecology ward usually did not use partograph during labor and delivery due to lack of adequate knowledge and
skill t o apply the instrument. The director decided t o organize a five day on job training for all nurses in the hospital
o n how t o u s e the instrument. At the end, a post assessment by the trainers on the knowledge and skill of using the
instrument indicated that t h e training was effective. What is the most likely component of monitoring and evaluation
assessed b y t h e trainers in this case?
a D a t o u t
b C u t c o m e
H m b a c t
P r o c e s
The most likely component of monitoring and evaluation assessed by the trainers in this case is:
b. Outcome
Explanation:
• Outcome: Refers to the immediate or short-term effects of an intervention, such as changes in knowledge, skills, attitudes, or behavior. In this case, the knowledge and skill of nurses in using the partograph were assessed after the training, indicating that the focus was on measuring the direct outcomes of the training program.
Why not the other options?
• a. Output: Refers to the tangible products or activities completed (e.g., the number of nurses trained, the training sessions conducted). The scenario focuses on the results of the training, not the output.
• c. Impact: Refers to long-term, broader effects of an intervention (e.g., improved maternal outcomes due to better use of the partograph). The impact is not being evaluated here.
• d. Process: Refers to how the intervention was implemented (e.g., the quality of the training sessions, attendance, and materials used). The focus here is not on the process but on the training’s immediate effect on knowledge and skills.
Conclusion:
The assessment by the trainers focuses on the outcome of the training, which is the improvement in nurses’ knowledge and skills in using the partograph.
young girl in a waiting room of a health center is spontaneously acting-out as a pregnant woman to feel the
experience of being pregnant and teach others. What is the most likely method of education used in this scenario?
• a. Demonstration
O b. Fable
• c. Role-play
• d. Drama
The most likely method of education used in this scenario is:
c. Role-play
Explanation:
In this scenario, the young girl is acting-out the experience of being pregnant to teach others, which aligns with role-play. Role-play involves individuals assuming roles and acting them out in a scenario to learn or teach certain behaviors, skills, or experiences. The girl is likely simulating the experience to help others understand pregnancy.
Why not the other options?
• a. Demonstration:
• Involves showing how to perform a task or process, but in this case, the girl is acting out an experience rather than demonstrating a specific task.
• b. Fable:
• A short story with a moral lesson, often involving animals or mythical creatures. This does not fit the context of acting out a real-life experience.
• d. Drama:
• While role-play could be considered a form of drama, “drama” typically refers to a more structured performance or play, and in this case, the girl is not likely performing a scripted play but instead engaging in a spontaneous act.
Conclusion:
The scenario described is most closely aligned with role-play, where the girl is acting out the experience of pregnancy to educate others.
I n a n area a significant numbers of pregnant mothers and children are found to be affected by micro-nutrient
deficiency. As a long term solution, people in the catchment area are encouraged to grow and consume various items
of foods. What is most appropriate intervention applied in this scenario?
of
S t o Na Fortitication
b . Diversification
c . Supplementation:
• M o d i f i c a t i o n
The most appropriate intervention in this scenario is:
b. Diversification
- Diversification involves encouraging the consumption of a variety of foods to ensure a balanced intake of essential nutrients. This approach is sustainable and addresses the root cause of micronutrient deficiencies by promoting the cultivation and consumption of diverse food items that naturally contain the necessary vitamins and minerals.
- Supplementation (c) involves providing specific nutrients in the form of pills, powders, or other forms. While effective in the short term, it is not a sustainable long-term solution.
- Fortification (a) involves adding micronutrients to commonly consumed foods (e.g., iodized salt or fortified flour). This is also effective but may not address the broader issue of dietary diversity.
- Modification (d) is not a standard term used in nutrition interventions and is less relevant in this context.
Diversification is the most sustainable and holistic approach to addressing micronutrient deficiencies in the long term.
