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Question 1

The Rhetoric—Aristotle’s “Rational World” Paradigm

What are the 4 reasons Aristotle provided for why we should study rhetoric?

Answer 1

• Self-defense
• Popular audience (Large groups)
• Learning opposing arguments
• A tool ($, health, millitary strat)

Question 2

The Rhetoric—Aristotle’s “Rational World” Paradigm

What are the “conditions” under which using rhetoric is useful?

Answer 2

Under conditions of uncertainty

Question 3

The Rhetoric—Aristotle’s “Rational World” Paradigm

What is Aristotle’s definition of rhetoric?

Answer 3

“Ability to observe in any given situation all of the avalible means of persuasion”

Question 4

The Rhetoric—Aristotle’s “Rational World” Paradigm

What is DEductive reasoning (the enthymeme)?

Answer 4

• The sole premise of knowledge
• General to specific
• Enthymeme form : Major premise, minor premise, and conclusion

Upside down triangle, If A=B, If C=A, Then C=B

Question 5

The Rhetoric—Aristotle’s “Rational World” Paradigm

What is INductive reasoning (the example)?

Answer 5

• Example
• Form: Specific to Generalization

Regular triangle

Question 6

The Narrative Paradigm— Walter Fisher

Humans as storytellers (homo narrans vs. homo sapiens)

idk how to phrase this question

Answer 6

• Homo sapien
  Latin for “wise man”
  Aristotle’s Rational World Paradigm
• Homo narrans
  Latin for “narrating man”
  Fisher’s Narrative Paradigm

“Humans are more persuaded by a good story than by a good argument.”

Question 7

The Narrative Paradigm— Walter Fisher

What does Fisher claims his Narrative Paradigm shifts our focus from and to?

Answer 7

From
Rational World Paradigm
Who “owns” the logos?
Eristic & Polemic
To
Narrative Paradigm
What stories do we believe and why?

Question 8

The Narrative Paradigm— Walter Fisher

What does Fisher’s Narrative Paradigm suggests we are more persuaded by?
(logical arguments vs. a good story)

Answer 8

A good story

doesn’t go against the other theory?

Question 9

The Narrative Paradigm— Walter Fisher

What is Fisher’s attitude toward logic and reason (Aristotle’s “Rational World”)?

Answer 9

Does not reject logic and reason but believes they are overly emphasized in Aristotle’s “Rational World Paradigm”

doesn’t reject or claim superiority

Question 10

The Narrative Paradigm— Walter Fisher

Define: Narrative, in this context

Answer 10

Any verbal or non-verbal account with a sequence of events to which listeners assign meaning

Question 11

The Narrative Paradigm— Walter Fisher

Define: Narrative Rationality, in this context

Answer 11

• The big picture
• Means of judging the narratives we hear, read, and tell

Question 12

The Narrative Paradigm— Walter Fisher

What are the 2 principles of narrative rationality;

Answer 12

• Coherence -The internal consistency of a narratice
• Fidelity - The truthfulness of a narrative (rings true)

Question 13

The Narrative Paradigm— Walter Fisher

Define: Fidelity, in this context

Answer 13

• Truthfulness or realiability of a narrative
• Stories with fidelity have the “ring of truth” to them for their listeners

Question 14

The Narrative Paradigm— Walter Fisher

What are the 3 types of coherence?

Answer 14

1. Structural - Degree to which elements of the story flow smoothly (Does everything fit?)
2. Material - Degree of congruence between one story and other stories that seem related to it
3. Characterological - Degree to which character in a story are believable

Question 15

Dramatism— Kenneth Burke

What is Symbolic action (defined)?

Answer 15

• Symbol use = Action
• Language: A mode of action
• Naming, Defining, Describing, Comparing, Contrasting, Moralizing

Question 16

Dramatism— Kenneth Burke

What is Burke’s view of language and “reality” and his famous dictum about “selection, deflection, reflection”?

Answer 16

• Language is reality
• Any “Selection” of reality is also and at the same time a “Deflection” of reality as well as a “Reflection” of it

Question 17

Dramatism— Kenneth Burke

What is the important distinction Burke made between “motion” and “action” and the interrelationship of action, intention, and motive?

Answer 17

• Action implies Intention
• Intention implies Motive

Plants & animals “move”
Humans both “move” and “act”

Question 18

Dramatism— Kenneth Burke

What is Burke’s views on Burke’s views on: Divisions among humans?

Answer 18

“Division” creates need for “Consubstantiality”
“Consubstantiality” = common substance

Question 19

Dramatism— Kenneth Burke

What is Burke’s views on Burke’s views on: What we strive to create to overcome the conflict that arises from division?
AND How we atttempt to create it?

Answer 19

Identification, Identify” with the other based on shared “Substance(s)”

Question 20

Dramatism— Kenneth Burke

What are the 5 elements of the Pentad?

Answer 20

1. ACT (WHAT?)
   Names what took place, in thought or deed
2. SCENE (WHEN? WHERE?)
   The setting/background in which it took place
3. AGENT (WHO?)
   The person or kind of person that performed this act
4. AGENCY (HOW?)
   The means/method that was/were used
5. PURPOSE (WHY?)
   The reason for the act

Question 21

Dramatism— Kenneth Burke

How does using the 5 elements of the pentad to analyze communication can help us identify “conflict,” “division,” “consubstantiality,” and find ways to identify with others?