PUBLIC COMMUNICATION Flashcards
The Rhetoric—Aristotle’s “Rational World” Paradigm
What are the 4 reasons Aristotle provided for why we should study rhetoric?
- Self-defense
- Popular audience (Large groups)
- Learning opposing arguments
- A tool ($, health, millitary strat)
The Rhetoric—Aristotle’s “Rational World” Paradigm
What are the “conditions” under which using rhetoric is useful?
Under conditions of uncertainty
The Rhetoric—Aristotle’s “Rational World” Paradigm
What is Aristotle’s definition of rhetoric?
“Ability to observe in any given situation all of the avalible means of persuasion”
The Rhetoric—Aristotle’s “Rational World” Paradigm
What is DEductive reasoning (the enthymeme)?
- The sole premise of knowledge
- General to specific
- Enthymeme form : Major premise, minor premise, and conclusion
Upside down triangle, If A=B, If C=A, Then C=B
The Rhetoric—Aristotle’s “Rational World” Paradigm
What is INductive reasoning (the example)?
- Example
- Form: Specific to Generalization
Regular triangle
The Narrative Paradigm— Walter Fisher
Humans as storytellers (homo narrans vs. homo sapiens)
idk how to phrase this question
-
Homo sapien
Latin for “wise man”
Aristotle’s Rational World Paradigm -
Homo narrans
Latin for “narrating man”
Fisher’s Narrative Paradigm
“Humans are more persuaded by a good story than by a good argument.”
The Narrative Paradigm— Walter Fisher
What does Fisher claims his Narrative Paradigm shifts our focus from and to?
From
Rational World Paradigm
Who “owns” the logos?
Eristic & Polemic
To
Narrative Paradigm
What stories do we believe and why?
The Narrative Paradigm— Walter Fisher
What does Fisher’s Narrative Paradigm suggests we are more persuaded by?
(logical arguments vs. a good story)
A good story
doesn’t go against the other theory?
The Narrative Paradigm— Walter Fisher
What is Fisher’s attitude toward logic and reason (Aristotle’s “Rational World”)?
Does not reject logic and reason but believes they are overly emphasized in Aristotle’s “Rational World Paradigm”
doesn’t reject or claim superiority
The Narrative Paradigm— Walter Fisher
Define: Narrative, in this context
Any verbal or non-verbal account with a sequence of events to which listeners assign meaning
The Narrative Paradigm— Walter Fisher
Define: Narrative Rationality, in this context
- The big picture
- Means of judging the narratives we hear, read, and tell
The Narrative Paradigm— Walter Fisher
What are the 2 principles of narrative rationality;
- Coherence -The internal consistency of a narratice
- Fidelity - The truthfulness of a narrative (rings true)
The Narrative Paradigm— Walter Fisher
Define: Fidelity, in this context
- Truthfulness or realiability of a narrative
- Stories with fidelity have the “ring of truth” to them for their listeners
The Narrative Paradigm— Walter Fisher
What are the 3 types of coherence?
- Structural - Degree to which elements of the story flow smoothly (Does everything fit?)
- Material - Degree of congruence between one story and other stories that seem related to it
- Characterological - Degree to which character in a story are believable
Dramatism— Kenneth Burke
What is Symbolic action (defined)?
- Symbol use = Action
- Language: A mode of action
- Naming, Defining, Describing, Comparing, Contrasting, Moralizing
Dramatism— Kenneth Burke
What is Burke’s view of language and “reality” and his famous dictum about “selection, deflection, reflection”?
- Language is reality
- Any “Selection” of reality is also and at the same time a “Deflection” of reality as well as a “Reflection” of it
Dramatism— Kenneth Burke
What is the important distinction Burke made between “motion” and “action” and the interrelationship of action, intention, and motive?
- Action implies Intention
- Intention implies Motive
Plants & animals “move”
Humans both “move” and “act”
Dramatism— Kenneth Burke
What is Burke’s views on Burke’s views on: Divisions among humans?
“Division” creates need for “Consubstantiality”
“Consubstantiality” = common substance
Dramatism— Kenneth Burke
What is Burke’s views on Burke’s views on: What we strive to create to overcome the conflict that arises from division?
AND How we atttempt to create it?
Identification, Identify” with the other based on shared “Substance(s)”
Dramatism— Kenneth Burke
What are the 5 elements of the Pentad?
- ACT (WHAT?)
Names what took place, in thought or deed - SCENE (WHEN? WHERE?)
The setting/background in which it took place - AGENT (WHO?)
The person or kind of person that performed this act - AGENCY (HOW?)
The means/method that was/were used - PURPOSE (WHY?)
The reason for the act
Dramatism— Kenneth Burke
How does using the 5 elements of the pentad to analyze communication can help us identify “conflict,” “division,” “consubstantiality,” and find ways to identify with others?
