Puberty

Question 1

The process of reproductive and sexual development by which a child becomes an adult is

Answer 1

Puberty

Question 2

Define puberty

Answer 2

Puberty can be defined as a sequence of events by which a child becomes an adult, characterized by beginning of gonadotropin secretion, gametogenesis, release of gonadal hormones, development of reproduction function and secondary sexual characteristics

Question 3

Puberty usually involves which types of changes?

Answer 3

Sexual changes (physical changes) and hormonal changes (that occur around reproductive organs)

Question 4

Puberty typical requires how many years in girls

Answer 4

5 years

Question 5

In girls, puberty typically occurs between ages

Answer 5

8 to 13 (but it extends to 16)

Question 6

Five events that occur in puberty are?

Answer 6

1. Breast development
2. Pubic hair growth
3. Axillary hair growth
4. Menarche
5. Growth spurt

Question 7

What is therlache?

Answer 7

Therlache is the appearance of breast tissue

Question 8

Onset of puberty is signalled by?

Answer 8

Secretion of pulses of GnRH (GnRH is secreted in a pulsatile manner)

Question 9

What happens around age 8 in human females?

Answer 9

There is a gradual change in the production of GnRH, which then leads to the production of FSH (nocturnal at first, then daytime with increasing frequency and amplitude)q

Question 10

FSH acts mainly on?

Answer 10

Ovaries

Question 11

The action of FSH on follicles lead to the production of?

Answer 11

Gonadal hormones

Question 12

Ovaries produce?

Answer 12

Estrogen, Progesterone and Androgens

Question 13

Action of Estrogen?

Answer 13

Estrogen stimulates the development of breast and reproductive organs

Question 14

Action of Progesterone:

Answer 14

Stimulates glandular development of breast and secretory endometrium

Question 15

What is Adrenarche and what does it result into?

Answer 15

Adrenarche is the activation of the adrenal gland and it results in the production of adrenal androgens like Dehydroepiandrosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA sulfate) which stimulate pubic and axillary hair growth.

Question 16

How does growth spurt occur in girls going through puberty?

Answer 16

Increased GH secretion during puberty contributes to rapid somatic growth

Question 17

Puberty is measured by which three factors?

Answer 17

Timing, Sequence and Tempo

Question 18

Tanner classified breast and pubic hair development into how many stages each?

Answer 18

Five

Question 19

List the stages of breast development according to Tanner

Answer 19

Stage 1 - Elevation of the papillae (Prepubertal)
Stage 2 - Elevation of breast and papillae as a small mound with increased areolar diameter (bud stage)
Stage 3 - further enlargement without separation of breast and areola
Stage 4 - secondary mound of areola and papillae above breast
Stage 5 - Recession of areola in contour of breast

Question 20

What are the stages of pubic hair growth according to Tanner?

Answer 20

Stage 1- No pubic hair
Stage 2- Sparse, long, slightly pigmented hair on the labia majora
Stage 3 - Dark, coarse, curly hair sparsely spread over mons.
Stage 4 - Abundant, adult-type hair limited to the mons
Stage 5 - Adult type, abundant hair spread in quantity and distribution.

Question 21

What is precocious puberty?

Answer 21

Onset of puberty before age 8 in girls

Question 22

What is delayed puberty?

Answer 22

When there is no sign of secondary sexual characteristics by age 14

Question 23

Puberty is controlled by what system?

Answer 23

Neuro-endocrine system