Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Obstetrics And Gynecology > Introduction To Abortion > Flashcards

Introduction To Abortion Flashcards

1
Q

What is Abortion?

A

Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by either expulsion or extraction before 28 weeks of gestation and when fetal weight < 1000g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Abortion can either be?

A

Spontaneous (Miscarriage which is 10%-15%) OR Artificial (Induced)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When do early abortions occur?

A

<12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When does late abortion occur?

A

> 12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aetiology of Abortion:

A
  1. Hereditary
  2. Uterine abnormalities
  3. Infections
  4. Endocrine disorders
  5. Immunological factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The commonest cause of spontaneous abortions is

A

Chromosomal abnormality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The two categories of chromosomal abnormalities that may cause spontaneous abortions are:

A
  1. Numerical (autosomal trisomies polyploidy) e.g Trisomy 16, Monosomy X (Turner’s syndrome)
  2. Structural : Parental chromosomal abnormalities e.g balanced translocation.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chromosomal abnormalities cause how many percent of early abortions?

A

50-60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Uterine abnormalities that can cause abortion are either?

A

Congenital Uterine deformities and Acquired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Examples of congenital Uterine deformities that can cause abortions are?

A

Hypoplastic Uterus
Double uterus
Longitudinal Uterine Septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Examples of acquired uterine abnormalities that can lead to abortion?

A
  1. Cervical incompetence
  2. Pelvic tumors (e.g uterine myoma and ovarian tumor)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What infections can lead to abortions?

A
  1. Bacteria, toxin and viruses getting into fetal blood.
  2. Systemic infections like malaria and pyelonephritis
  3. Local infections like UTI and Bacterial vaginosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What endocrine disorders can cause abortions?

A

Hypo/Hyperthyroidism

Hypofunction of the corpus luteum (luteal phase dysfunction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What immunological factors can cause abortions?

A
  1. APS
  2. Blood type incompatibility between mother and fetus - Rh & ABO
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Types of abortions

A

Threatened abortion
Inevitable abortion
Complete abortion
Incomplete abortion
Missed abortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is threatened abortion?

A

Threatened abortion is when pregnancy is complicated by vaginal bleeding before the 28th week.

17
Q

If pain is not a prominent feature of threatened abortion, what is?

A

A lower abdominal dull ache that accompanies the vaginal bleeding

18
Q

Vaginal examination at this stage of threatened abortion usually reveals?

A

Closed cervix

19
Q

25-50% of threatened abortion result into?

A

Pregnancy loss

20
Q

Inevitable abortion describes what?

A

When a clinical pregnancy is complicated by vaginal bleeding and cramp-like lower abdominal pain.

21
Q

Vaginal examination in inevitable abortion shows?

A

The cervix is frequently partially dilated (attesting to the inevitability of the process)

22
Q

What is incomplete abortion?

A

Abortion that is complicated & characterized by vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain, cervical dilatation and passage of products of conception which women often describe as pieces of skin or liver.

23
Q

Complete abortion occurs after?

A

The passage of all products of conception

24
Q

What happens to uterine contractions, bleeding, cervix and uterus after complete abortion?

A

Uterine contractions - abate
Bleeding - abates
Cervix - becomes closed
Uterus - becomes smaller that a period of amenorrhea would suggest.

25
Q

After complete abortion, there will still be symptoms of pregnancy. True or False?

26
Q

A pregnancy test done after complete abortion will be?

27
Q

What is missed abortion?

A

Occurs when the fetus dies in the uterus and is retained for some weeks

28
Q

How does missed abortion manifest?

A

It manifests as decrease in uterine size and loss of symptoms of pregnancy

29
Q

In missed abortion, there is risk of?

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy

30
Q

In missed abortion, fibrinogen levels should be checked weekly until?

A

The fetus and placenta are expelled

31
Q

Recurrent abortion or habitual abortion is when?

A

There have been three consecutive spontaneous abortions which does not necessarily have to occur in the same month of pregnancy.

32
Q

Threatened abortion can lead to either of two things. What are they?

A

Inevitable abortion and continuing pregnancy

33
Q

Inevitable abortion can either lead to?

A

Complete and incomplete abortions

34
Q

Causes of early abortions?

A
  1. Chromosomal abnormalities (60-80%)
  2. APS
  3. Hypofunction of corpus luteum (luteal phase dysfunction)
35
Q

Causes of late abortion?

A
  1. Congenital Uterine abnormalities like Double uterus, Hypoplastic uterus etc.
  2. Pelvic tumors like uterine myoma
  3. Blood type incompatibility between mother and fetus

Obstetrics And Gynecology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions