PTSD

Question 1

What are some features of PTSD?

Answer 1

• Re-experiencing: flashbacks, nightmares, repetitive and distressing intrusive images
• Avoidance: avoiding people, situations or circumstances resembling or associated with the event
• Hyperarousal: hypervigilance for threat, exaggerated startle response, sleep problems, irritability and difficulty concentrating
• Emotional numbing - lack of ability to experience feelings, feeling detached

Question 2

What is the management pathway for PTSD?

Answer 2

• Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy may be used in more severe cases
• Watchful waiting may be used for mild symptoms lasting less than 4 weeks
• Following a traumatic event single-session interventions (often referred to as debriefing) are not recommended
• Military personnel have access to treatment provided by the armed forces
• Drug treatments for PTSD should not be used as a routine first-line treatment for adults. If drug treatment is used then paroxetine or mirtazapine are recommended