PTSD Flashcards
What is Trauma
experiencing or witnessing a life-threatening event
What is the diagnostic criteria for PTSD
- exposure to a traumatic event
- one intrusion symptom
- one avoidance symptom
- two+ negative cognitions and mood
- two arousals and reactivity
what is the duration required to be diagnosed with PTSD
at least one month
Provide examples of intrusion symptoms
- persistent and distressing memories
- recurrent nightmares
- dissociative reactions
- intense psychological and physiological reaction in response to trauma cues
Provide an example of a negative cognition and mood symptom
- guilt, anger, fear
- numbing and amnesia of positive feelings
- self-blame
- blame of others
- negative beliefs of self, others, and world
Provide an example of arousal and reactivity symptoms
- sleep difficulties
- concentration impairment
- hypervigilance
- aggressive or irritable behaviour
- recklessness
- self-destructive behaviour
What is PTSD with delayed expression
when the diagnostic threshold is not met until at least 6 months after the traumatic event
What is acute PTSD
PTSD with a duration of 3 days to one month
What is PTSD subtype for children
- do not display as many avoidance and mood symptoms
- more behaviorally anchored
What is PTSD with prominent dissociative symptoms
- meet criteria of PTSD
- experience depersonalization or derealization
What is the internalizing subtype of PTSD
those with a tendency to direct distress inwardly through shame and self-deprecation
What is the externalizing subtype of PTSD
those with a tendency to express distress outwardly by blaming others and acting out
What is the lifetime prevalence of PTSD
~7%
What is the gender ratio for PTSD
3:1
women 3x more likely to have a diagnosis
what is the gender ratio is veteran populations for PTSD
1:1
What disorders is PTSD frequently comorbid with
- MDD
- GAD
- Alcohol and Substance abuse
What does it mean when it is said: “ exposure to trauma is a necessary but not a sufficient cause of PTSD.”
Explains that some people are more at risk for developing PTSD in the face of trauma than others
What are the demographic risk factors for the development of PTSD
- female gender
- lower levels of income
- lower levels of education
- divorced/widowed
- minority status
What are the psychological risk factors for the development of PTSD
- family psychiatric history
- intergenerational trauma
What are the environmental risk factors for the development of PTSD
- childhood abuse
- exposure to violence
- adverse childhood experiences
What are pre-traumatic risk factors
characteristics of the individual and their environment that preceded the trauma and impact their response to it
What are peri-traumatic risk factors
characteristics of the trauma, the individual, and their environment that impact the response to the trauma
What are post-traumatic risk factors
characteristics of the individual and their environment that occur after the trauma and impact their response to it
What are examples of per-traumatic risk factors
- assault
- sudden death of a loved one
What are examples of post-traumatic risk factors
- lack of social support
- additional stressful life events
What are resilience factors related to PTSD
- spirituality
- connections to family and friends
- close bonds as a result of shared history and experiences or culture